{"id":3679,"date":"2021-11-23T10:21:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-23T10:21:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/?p=3679"},"modified":"2022-01-13T10:22:16","modified_gmt":"2022-01-13T10:22:16","slug":"rendesia-e-drejtesise-tranzicionale-per-anetaresimin-e-bosnje-e-hercegovines-ne-be","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/sq\/rendesia-e-drejtesise-tranzicionale-per-anetaresimin-e-bosnje-e-hercegovines-ne-be\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00ebnd\u00ebsia e drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb tranzicionale p\u00ebr an\u00ebtar\u00ebsimin e Bosnje e Hercegovin\u00ebs n\u00eb BE"},"content":{"rendered":"
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An\u00ebtar\u00ebsimi n\u00eb Bashkimin Evropian (BE), apo m\u00eb sakt\u00eb, procesi i integrimit t\u00eb Bosnje e Hercegovin\u00ebs (BH) n\u00eb BE \u00ebsht\u00eb shtyt\u00ebsi kryesor p\u00ebr reforma, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb edhe politikat e ballafaqimit me t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn dhe trash\u00ebgimin\u00eb nga e kaluara. Kjo kryesisht n\u00ebnkupton drejt\u00ebsin\u00eb tranzicionale<\/a>, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb varg i t\u00ebr\u00eb me procese q\u00eb i ndihmojn\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb t\u2019i kap\u00ebrcej\u00eb ngjarjet tragjike nga e kaluara n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb dhe t\u00eb mbroj\u00eb t\u00eb drejtat e viktimave, t\u00eb shp\u00ebrfaq\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebn, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsit ndiqen dhe d\u00ebnohen me synimin p\u00ebr t\u00eb fuqizuar sundimin e ligjit n\u00eb nj\u00eb mjedis pas konfliktit. Edhe pse drejt\u00ebsia tranzicionale ende nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb formalisht n\u00eb kapitujt e negociimit p\u00ebr an\u00ebtar\u00ebsim n\u00eb BE, nd\u00ebrmarrja e hapave konkret\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e mjedisit t\u00eb favorsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr pajtim \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e Opinioneve t\u00eb Komisionit Evropian<\/a> p\u00ebr k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn e Bosnje e Hercegovin\u00ebs p\u00ebr an\u00ebtar\u00ebsim, ndaj nuk ka asnj\u00eb shfaj\u00ebsim p\u00ebr shtyrjen e reformave. Duke mbajtur parasysh se an\u00ebtar\u00ebsia n\u00eb BE \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga prioritetet kryesore t\u00eb politik\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme t\u00eb Bosnje e Hercegovin\u00ebs, puna aktive p\u00ebr tejkalimin e trash\u00ebgimis\u00eb s\u00eb luft\u00ebs duke themeluar mekanizmat e lartp\u00ebrmendur \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb rrug\u00eb dhe r\u00ebnd\u00ebsia e saj parashtrohet n\u00eb artikullin n\u00eb vijim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb arsyetuar pritshm\u00ebrit\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushur detyrimet q\u00eb ka ky vend n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn e tij drejt Evrop\u00ebs, duhet b\u00ebr\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr. \u00cbsht\u00eb fakt se p\u00ebrve\u00e7 tranzicionit nga lufta n\u00eb paqe, Bosnje e Hercegovin\u00ebs i \u00ebsht\u00eb dashur t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb edhe n\u00ebp\u00ebr tranzicionin nga nj\u00eb regjim autoritar n\u00eb at\u00eb demokratik, q\u00eb ende mban barr\u00ebn e pasojave t\u00eb luft\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb krizave t\u00eb shpeshta politike. Organizimi institucional kompleks dhe mungesa e vullnetit politik jan\u00eb arsyet kryesore p\u00ebr implementimin e ngadalt\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7do lloj reforme, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb dhe ato q\u00eb kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb me ballafaqimin me t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Opinioni i BE-s\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje \u00ebsht\u00eb i qart\u00eb \u2013 p\u00ebrkrahja e procesit t\u00eb drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb tranzicionale<\/a> l\u00ebviz drejt krijimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb kornize p\u00ebr ballafaqimin me t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn q\u00eb favorizon pajtimin dhe nd\u00ebrtimin e s\u00eb ardhmes p\u00ebr Bosnje e Hercegovin\u00ebn n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me vlerat evropiane. Lloji m\u00eb aktual i mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr procesin n\u00eb fjal\u00eb mund t\u00eb shihet n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb programit t\u00eb p\u00ebrkrahjes IPA 2019 me titull \u201cEU4 Drejt\u00ebsin\u00eb Tranzicionale\u201d, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet t\u00eb cilit BE-ja siguroi kat\u00ebr milion\u00eb euro p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e gjykatave dhe prokurorive q\u00eb merreshin me rastet e krimeve t\u00eb luft\u00ebs. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb faza e kat\u00ebrt e p\u00ebrkrahjes q\u00eb do t\u00eb implementohet n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet projektit \u201cP\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimi i pun\u00ebs me rastet e krimeve t\u00eb luft\u00ebs\u201d deri n\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit 2022 dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb tregues i partneritetit t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb n\u00eb implementimin e procesit t\u00eb drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb tranzicionale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Miratimi i Strategjis\u00eb Shtet\u00ebrore p\u00ebr Trajtimin e Rasteve t\u00eb Krimeve t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs<\/a> n\u00eb vitin 2008 ishte hapi i par\u00eb drejt arritjes s\u00eb drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr viktimat e krimeve t\u00eb luft\u00ebs. Strategjia n\u00eb fjal\u00eb parasheh trajtimin e rasteve m\u00eb komplekse dhe m\u00eb me prioritet t\u00eb krimeve t\u00eb luft\u00ebs brenda shtat\u00eb viteve, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebrfundimi i trajtimit t\u00eb rasteve t\u00eb tjera \u00ebsht\u00eb planifikuar deri m\u00eb 2023. P\u00ebrcaktimi i p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb individ\u00ebve p\u00ebr shkelje t\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut dhe krimeve t\u00eb luft\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi p\u00ebr drejt\u00ebsin\u00eb tranzicionale q\u00eb ofron mbrojtje ligjore dhe siguri n\u00eb vend, duke fuqizuar k\u00ebshtu sundimin e ligjit. P\u00ebr fat t\u00eb keq, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb problemeve si mungesa e planifikimit strategjik dhe numrit t\u00eb pamjaftuesh\u00ebm t\u00eb prokuror\u00ebve dhe bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtor\u00ebve profesional\u00eb, hetuesve t\u00eb patrajnuar si duhet dhe aktakuzave t\u00eb shkruar dob\u00ebt q\u00eb citohen n\u00eb analiz\u00ebn<\/a> e Departamentit t\u00eb Mbrojtjes Penale, periudha shtat\u00ebvje\u00e7are skadoi n\u00eb vitin 2015 pa e arritur q\u00ebllimin e p\u00ebrcaktuar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyeja p\u00ebrse n\u00eb vitin 2020, pas dy vjet pritjesh, Strategjia Shtet\u00ebrore p\u00ebr Trajtimin e Rasteve t\u00eb Krimeve t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs e Rishikuar u miratua me q\u00ebllimin p\u00ebr t\u2019iu dh\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje sfidave q\u00eb cenonin trajtimin efikas t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre rasteve. Ajo u miratua bashk\u00ebrisht me Shtojc\u00ebn B<\/a>, q\u00eb nga af\u00ebr p\u00ebrkufizon pjes\u00ebt e nd\u00ebrlidhura me raste nga Rregullat e rrug\u00ebs s\u00eb kategoris\u00eb A<\/a> dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat, Tribunali Penal Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar p\u00ebr ish-Jugosllavin\u00eb (TPNJ) ka gjetur<\/a> se ka prova t\u00eb mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndjekur penalisht 848 persona mbi dyshimin e bazuar se kan\u00eb kryer shkelje t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb t\u00eb s\u00eb drejt\u00ebs nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare humanitare. N\u00eb Strategjin\u00eb fillestare, rastet nga kategoria A ishin klasifikuar bashk\u00eb me shum\u00eb raste t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb pazgjidhura q\u00eb nuk i p\u00ebrkisnin k\u00ebsaj kategorie, sipas vler\u00ebsimit t\u00eb TPNJ-s\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa Strategjia e Rishikuar, pra Shtojca B, \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb prioritet n\u00eb pun\u00ebn e prokurorive n\u00eb Bosnje e Hercegovin\u00eb. Po ashtu, \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizuar edhe bashk\u00ebpunimi rajonal n\u00eb ndjekjen penale t\u00eb kriminel\u00ebve t\u00eb luft\u00ebs, si dhe m\u00ebnyra e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb Organit Mbik\u00ebqyr\u00ebs p\u00ebr monitorimin e implementimit t\u00eb Strategjis\u00eb s\u00eb Rishikuar. N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb Strategjia Shtet\u00ebrore p\u00ebr Trajtimin e Rasteve t\u00eb Krimeve t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs e Rishikuar t\u00eb mos mbetet nj\u00eb formalitet i thjesht\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e domosdoshme q\u00eb n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn n\u00eb vijim t\u00eb punohet p\u00ebr implementimin efektiv t\u00eb saj n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb mbyllen t\u00eb gjitha rastet e krimeve t\u00eb luft\u00ebs brenda afatit t\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb. Edhe pse ky mund t\u00eb karakterizohet si nj\u00eb hap i vog\u00ebl drejt arritjes s\u00eb nj\u00ebrit nga 14 prioritetet e Opinionit t\u00eb Komisionit Evropian, nuk mjafton q\u00eb t\u00eb arrihen q\u00ebllimet e drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb tranzicionale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7ka do t\u2019i kontribuonte k\u00ebtij procesi \u00ebsht\u00eb miratimi i Strategjis\u00eb s\u00eb Drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb Tranzicionale<\/a>, nj\u00eb dokument i cili q\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2012 ka parapar\u00eb krijimin e nj\u00eb platforme p\u00ebr aktivitetet q\u00eb ndreqin padrejt\u00ebsit\u00eb, sh\u00ebrojn\u00eb traumat dhe parandalojn\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritjen e shkeljeve t\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut dhe krimeve t\u00eb luft\u00ebs. Po ashtu, q\u00ebllimi i k\u00ebsaj Strategjie \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb punoj\u00eb me mekanizma jasht\u00ebgjyq\u00ebsor\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb konstatuar faktet dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb th\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebn lidhur me ngjarjet q\u00eb kan\u00eb ndodhur nd\u00ebrmjet viteve 1992-1995, p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn p\u00ebr reparacion dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb ruajtur kujtes\u00ebn kolektive si dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb implementuar reformat institucionale. P\u00ebr fat t\u00eb keq, kjo Strategji ende nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb miratuar p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb munges\u00ebs s\u00eb pajtimit politik. Miratimi dhe implementimi i k\u00ebtij dokumenti e vendos fokusin tek t\u00eb drejtat dhe interesat e viktimave dhe interesave t\u00eb tyre, q\u00eb do t\u00eb ndikonte n\u00eb pun\u00ebn aktive p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e problemeve ekzistuese dhe fuqizimin e besimit tashm\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebmtuar r\u00ebnd\u00eb n\u00eb institucione. Deri at\u00ebher\u00eb, shkelja e t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut do t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb dhe procesi i pajtimit drejt sh\u00ebrimit t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb pas konfliktit si dhe procesi i afrimit me BE-n\u00eb do t\u00eb mbes\u00eb n\u00eb vendnum\u00ebro. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00ebrve\u00e7 sa u p\u00ebrmend m\u00eb lart, situata aktuale n\u00eb sken\u00ebn politike \u00ebsht\u00eb penges\u00eb e madhe p\u00ebr zhvillimin politik t\u00eb k\u00ebtij vendi dhe i zhvler\u00ebson viktimat e luft\u00ebs dhe qytetar\u00ebt e tij. Glorifikimi i i kriminel\u00ebve t\u00eb luft\u00ebs, mohimi dhe mosrespektimi i vendimeve t\u00eb gjykatave nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe dasit\u00eb rreth Amendamentit t\u00eb Kodit Penal t\u00eb Bosnje e Hercegovin\u00ebs<\/a> lidhur me ndalimin e mohimit t\u00eb gjenocidit, krimeve t\u00eb luft\u00ebs dhe glorifikimin e kriminel\u00ebve t\u00eb luft\u00ebs tregojn\u00eb p\u00ebr ekzistenc\u00ebn e politikave q\u00eb nuk duan pajtim n\u00eb Bosnje e Hercegovin\u00eb. Analiza<\/a> e b\u00ebr\u00eb nga forumZFD dhe TRIAL International lidhur me rregullimin e ndalimit t\u00eb mohimit t\u00eb gjenocidit dhe krimeve t\u00eb luft\u00ebs e p\u00ebrmend k\u00ebt\u00eb sjellje si arsyetim t\u00eb gjenocidit dhe mohim t\u00eb krimeve t\u00eb luft\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb ruajtur gjendjen e konfliktit q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb pjes\u00eb e aktivitetit t\u00eb p\u00ebrditsh\u00ebm politik. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga arsyet se p\u00ebrse ndalimi i k\u00ebsaj sjelljeje ishte i nevojsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sa i p\u00ebrket Ligjit p\u00ebr Ndalimin e Mohimit t\u00eb Gjenocidit dhe Krimeve t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs, q\u00eb u imponua nga P\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesi i Lart\u00eb Valentin Inzko, \u00ebsht\u00eb me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb shtohet se kjo nuk do t\u00eb kishte ndodhur po t\u00eb kishte patur vullnet politik p\u00ebr miratimin e k\u00ebtij akti ligjor. Ligji \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb dometh\u00ebn\u00ebs, sepse parasheh d\u00ebnime me burgim p\u00ebr mohimin e gjenocidit, krimeve kund\u00ebr njer\u00ebzimit dhe krimeve t\u00eb luft\u00ebs, por edhe p\u00ebr glorifikimin e kriminel\u00ebve t\u00eb luft\u00ebs. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 se ofron ndjesin\u00eb e drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr viktimat e luft\u00ebs, ky ligj ofron edhe zgjidhje p\u00ebr problemin e gjuh\u00ebs s\u00eb urrejtjes, sepse parasheh sanksione p\u00ebr ata q\u00eb nxisin dhun\u00eb ose urrejtje kund\u00ebr nj\u00eb grupi apo nj\u00eb pjes\u00ebtari t\u00eb nj\u00eb grupi n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb rac\u00ebs, ngjyr\u00ebs s\u00eb l\u00ebkur\u00ebs, fes\u00eb, prejardhjes apo p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsis\u00eb komb\u00ebtare ose etnike. Krijimi dhe trajtimi i rasteve do t\u00eb jet\u00eb sfidues p\u00ebr Prokurorin\u00eb e Bosnje e Hercegovin\u00ebs n\u00eb dit\u00ebt q\u00eb do t\u00eb vijn\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb grumbullimit t\u00eb tyre t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, revolta dhe refuzimi i p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesve politike nga Republika Srpska q\u00eb t\u00eb marrin pjes\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00ebn e institucioneve shtet\u00ebrore t\u00eb Bosnje e Hercegovin\u00ebs tregon se nuk ka p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi p\u00ebr funksionin q\u00eb ato kryejn\u00eb dhe se ende marrin kompensim financiar p\u00ebr rezultate t\u00eb dob\u00ebsta ose t\u00eb munguara t\u00eb pun\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kjo lloj situate n\u00eb vend \u00ebsht\u00eb komplekse dhe nuk ka zgjidhje universale q\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte efektive brenda nat\u00ebs. Mir\u00ebpo q\u00ebllimi \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb arrihet statusi i vendit kandidat dhe n\u00eb fund, an\u00ebtar\u00ebsimi n\u00eb BE, pastaj \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb se e nevojshme q\u00eb veprimet e zyrtar\u00ebve t\u00eb p\u00ebrputhen me fjal\u00ebt q\u00eb thon\u00eb dhe me q\u00ebllimet e politik\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme, q\u00eb vet\u00ebm se jan\u00eb shkruar e zeza mbi t\u00eb bardh\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se revizionimi dhe mohimi<\/a> i s\u00eb kaluar\u00ebs jan\u00eb kund\u00ebrth\u00ebn\u00ebs n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn drejt BE-s\u00eb p\u00ebr Bosnje e Hercegovin\u00ebn, ndaj dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme q\u00eb t\u00eb punohet p\u00ebr ta tejkaluar hendekun nd\u00ebrmjet rrymave politike duke kuptuar r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e procesit t\u00eb pajtimit dhe t\u00eb ballafaqimit me t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn, jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr an\u00ebtar\u00ebsim n\u00eb BE, por edhe p\u00ebr progresin shoq\u00ebror n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hata Kujrakoviq <\/strong>\u00ebsht\u00eb studente e masterit n\u00eb \u00c7\u00ebshtje Evropiane pran\u00eb Universitetit Lund n\u00eb Suedi dhe aktualisht punon si Zyrtare p\u00ebr Projekte p\u00ebr Iniciativ\u00ebn e Politikave t\u00eb Jashtme t\u00eb BH-s\u00eb. Ajo ka diplomuar nga Departamenti p\u00ebr Marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet me Jasht\u00eb dhe Studime Evropiane pran\u00eb Universitetit Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar Burch n\u00eb Bosnje e Hercegovin\u00eb. Ajo ka punuar p\u00ebr projekte q\u00eb kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb me promovimin dhe p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut dhe njohuri e shkatht\u00ebsi tek t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb e Bosnje e Hercegovin\u00ebs. Interesat e saj p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb proceset politike n\u00eb BE. Hata \u00ebsht\u00eb bursiste e Fondacionit Njer\u00ebzimi n\u00eb Veprim BH dhe e Iniciativ\u00ebs p\u00ebr Politika t\u00eb Jashtme BH.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

An\u00ebtar\u00ebsimi n\u00eb Bashkimin Evropian (BE), apo m\u00eb sakt\u00eb, procesi i integrimit t\u00eb Bosnje e Hercegovin\u00ebs (BH) n\u00eb BE \u00ebsht\u00eb shtyt\u00ebsi kryesor p\u00ebr reforma, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb edhe politikat e ballafaqimit me t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn dhe trash\u00ebgimin\u00eb nga e kaluara. 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