{"id":3745,"date":"2021-10-27T11:05:00","date_gmt":"2021-10-27T11:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/?p=3745"},"modified":"2022-01-13T11:05:52","modified_gmt":"2022-01-13T11:05:52","slug":"urbanizam-bez-postovanja-prema-proslosti-skoplje-drugi-deo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/bs\/urbanizam-bez-postovanja-prema-proslosti-skoplje-drugi-deo\/","title":{"rendered":"Urbanizam bez po\u0161tovanja prema pro\u0161losti \/ Skoplje \u2013 drugi deo"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Nakon re\u010denog \u201eDovi\u0111enja\u201c i dramati\u010dnog kraja prvog dela te\u0161ko je zaklju\u010diti da je to sve \u0161to mo\u017ee da se ka\u017ee o urbanizmu koji ne po\u0161tuje pro\u0161lost u makedonskoj prestonici, Skoplju. Pri\u010da o Skoplju je svakako \u0161ira i komplikovanija, i mora\u0107e biti ispri\u010dana mnogo puta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ovaj grad, \u010diju sam istoriju ukratko spomenuo u uvodu u prvom delu, mi kao gra\u0111ani Skoplja nemamo kako da iskusimo, odnosno naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e samo kroz tekstove kao \u0161to je ovaj, i vrlo malo u realnosti, zato \u0161to grad jo\u0161 uvek nije uspeo da adekvatno uklju\u010di ostatke svoje bogate pro\u0161losti u sopstveni lik. A ako ni gra\u0111ani ne \u017eive ovu pri\u010du, onda je jo\u0161 te\u017ee predstaviti je posetiocu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Od istorijske ose sever \u2013 jug, \u0161to je u biti centar modernog Skoplja i njegovog razvoja tokom najmanje hiljadu godina, kre\u0107u\u0107i se \u010detiri kilometra na zapad, dolazimo do prvog gradskog jezgra, starog Skoplja \u2013 mesta po imenu Skupi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Njegovi urbani temelji, u obliku u kojem se mogu videti danas, zapisani su jo\u0161 u rimskom periodu, odnosno na prelazu izme\u0111u prvog veka pre i prvog veka posle nove ere. Najnovija istra\u017eivanja, me\u0111utim, potvrdila su postojanje naseobina na tom mestu u sedmom i osmom veku p. n. e., koji su bili poreklom iz Peonije, \u0161to otvara vrata mogu\u0107nosti da je Skoplje daleko starije nego \u0161to se nekada mislilo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lokacija anti\u010dkog grada Skupi je va\u017eno raskr\u0161\u0107e dva glavna puta, onog istok \u2013 zapad, od Crnog do Jadranskog mora, i onog sever \u2013 jug, od Moravsko-vardarske doline do Egejskog mora. Njegova pozicija u\u010dinila ga je regionalnim dru\u0161tvenim i kulturnim centrom, koji je dostigao svoj puni potencijal u ranim vekovima hri\u0161\u0107anstva. Me\u0111u najzna\u010dajnijim gra\u0111evinama koje moramo spomenuti je i stari teatar, koji je mogao da ugosti 9000 gledalaca, i koji je kao takav bio najve\u0107i teatar otkriven u vardarskom delu Makedonije.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Propast anti\u010dkog grada u vezi je sa katastrofalnim zemljotresom koji se dogodio 518. godine, posle kojeg je osnovan novi gradski centar ka istoku, na realisti\u010dnom i logi\u010dnom predelu. Zapravo, od Zaj\u010devog Rida, gde je bio lociran Skupi, blizu u\u0161\u0107a reke Lepenac u Vardar, preko obli\u017enjeg brda (Ilinden barake) sti\u017ee se do brda Gradi\u0161te, na \u010dijem isto\u010dnom kraju je odabrano gotovo identi\u010dno mesto, na u\u0161\u0107u reke Serave u Vardar. To je tipi\u010dna geografska odlika gotovo svih anti\u010dkih gradova, u\u0161\u0107a reka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ovo pomeranje grada kroz ovu konglomeraciju tri brda nije isklju\u010dilo ni brdo u sredini (Ilinden), gde su intervencije ostavile i danas vidljive ostatke. Tu se nalazi akvadukt Skoplja, koji ima dve teorije o nastanku, gde jedna govori o \u0161estom veku nove ere, a druga o osmanskom periodu. S obzirom na potrebe pomeranja gradskog jezgra tada\u0161njeg Skoplja na novo mesto tvr\u0111ave, logiku potrebe za pija\u0107om vodom i na \u010dinjenicu da je akvadukt bio usmeren ka novoj lokaciji, \u010dini se da je sasvim logi\u010dno datiranje na \u0161esti vek nove ere. Nesporno je, s druge strane, da su Osmanlije nakon dolaska izvele rekonstrukcije mnogih zdanja u Skoplju, kao \u0161to je Kameni most, gde su osna\u017eili temelje iz \u0161estog veka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Da sumiramo, tri brda, tri arhitektonska nasle\u0111a: anti\u010dki grad \u2013 akvadukt \u2013 srednjevekovni grad. Odmah dalje spomenuta osa sever \u2013 jug nastavlja se od brda Devica do Stare \u017eelezni\u010dke stanice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Takva povezanost razli\u010ditih perioda je samim tim i urbani potencijal i prilika da se konceptualizuju istorijski putevi pra\u0107eni adekvatnim sadr\u017eajima, nivoima za\u0161tite i pristojnom prezentacijom. Ono ima potencijal da se, kroz Vodno, pove\u017ee sa srednjevekovnim satelitskim naseljem, zamkom Crn\u010de. Ovo je putanja kojom bi se dobio dobar pregled razvoja grada i bio bi odli\u010dna osnova za posetioce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Potencijal je neosporiv, ali on svejedno nestaje bez strategije koja bi spojila ove ta\u010dke.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Skupi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na dana\u0161njoj mapi grada Skupi po\u010dinje od centralnog dela, na samoj granici sa urbanom sredinom u neposrednoj blizini sela (sada naselja) Bardovci, pristupa\u010dan za saobra\u0107aj, u tranzitnom okru\u017eenju pojedina\u010dnih ku\u0107a, poljoprivrednog zemlji\u0161ta i komercijalnih zgrada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ono \u0161to nedostaje je planiranje ovih prostora kako bi se aktivno eksploatisalo ali i definisalo okru\u017eenje koje ne bi zasenilo lokaciju. To podrazumeva sadr\u017eaj koji bi trebalo da bude kompatibilan sa njegovom valorizacijom: muzej, istra\u017eiva\u010dki centar, galerije, parking za posetioce, ugostiteljstvo i pomo\u0107ne delatnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

U dosada\u0161njoj praksi doma\u0107eg urbanizma izgubljen je pojam vizije, proporcije i ta\u010dke u prostoru, pa je stoga opravdan strah da \u0107e u budu\u0107nosti biti opravdane akcije koje \u0107e ugroziti lokaciju. To zna\u010di da je sa ravnih puteva mogu\u0107e uperiti poglede prema pozori\u0161tu i sadr\u017eajima koji su u slu\u017ebi pravilne eksploatacije lokaliteta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Povezanost ovog podru\u010dja sa drugom stranom reke Vardar nije organizovana kako treba, i odatle bismo u budu\u0107nosti mogli da o\u010dekujemo najve\u0107i priliv pe\u0161aka i posetilaca. Za ovu povezanost trebalo bi reorganizovati naselje u podno\u017enju stambenih ku\u0107a, i naro\u010dito ih spre\u010diti da se podi\u017eu u visinu kako bi se izbeglo zatvaranje vidika.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Akvadukt<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Akvadukt se nalazi na oko 22000 metara vazdu\u0161nom linijom, na granici sa Ilinden kasarnama. U veoma je lo\u0161em stanju i treba mu hitna renovacija. Nalazi se u neposrednoj blizini bulevara Slovenija i praznog prostora u okolini, dok naznake urbanizacije i izgradnje u okolini kasarni i ovde stvaraju legitiman strah od mogu\u0107e lo\u0161e intervencije i zagu\u0161enja. Njegova za\u0161ti\u0107enost je najavljena, ali njegovo urbano uklapanje i adaptacija u \u0161ire sredine njegovoj pristupa\u010dnosti je ne\u0161to \u0161to mora da se uzme u obzir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Skopska tvr\u0111ava<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tvr\u0111ava je isto\u010dna krajnja ta\u010dka ove zakrivljene ose. Posmatramo ga obrnuto od zapada prema istoku zbog dodira sa kretanjem sever \u2013 jug (brdo Devica sa Starom \u017eelezni\u010dkom stanicom). Na utvr\u0111enju su se pre deceniju odvijali ve\u0107i radovi na rekonstrukciji, ali i neprimereni zahvati u blizini keja reke Vardar. Ispod ju\u017enog bedema podignute su previsoke zgrade u neprikladne svrhe, \u0161to je apsolutno moralo biti u kontekstu njegove prezentacije i promocije. Umesto toga, dobili smo administrativne zgrade vodovoda i kanalizacije, kao i upravnu zgradu EVN-a, sa spornim visinama koje zaklanjaju pogled sa suprotne strane. Prakti\u010dno, pogled je delimi\u010dno privatizovan. Prema zapadnom delu tvr\u0111ave, u prostoru pored prelepog Muzeja savremene umetnosti, ve\u0107 su podignuti objekti sumnjivog estetskog karaktera iz ugostiteljskog sektora i nedoli\u010dno uzurpiraju lokaciju. Ovaj prostor mora nestati i park mora biti odre\u0111en kao mesto koje \u0107e ih ujediniti. Pretnje poni\u017eavaju\u0107ih apetita od podizanja zgrada istog karaktera u staroj skopskoj \u010dar\u0161iji ve\u0107 sti\u017eu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tvr\u0111avi tako\u0111e nedostaje dobra povezanost sa zapadne strane u podno\u017eju brda i mogu\u0107nosti uspostavljanja budu\u0107e pe\u0161a\u010dke zone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nedostatak vizije i hrabrosti za delo<\/strong>vanje<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ova tri polo\u017eaja imaju priliku da se me\u0111usobno pove\u017eu sjajnom pri\u010dom, sa podru\u010djima parka za bicikliste i pe\u0161ake.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Drevni Skupi, preko severne strane brda Zajcev i Ilinden kasarni do akvadukta. Odavde, preko kasarni, pored Ameri\u010dke ambasade, preko Muzeja savremene umetnosti do Skopske tvr\u0111ave, treba stvoriti veze koje \u0107e omogu\u0107iti ovaj tok. Dok se levo i desno od tih prostornih poteza mogu razvijati nova naselja, obra\u0107aju\u0107i pa\u017enju na njihov primarni zna\u010daj. Vizionarskim urbanizmom i javnim nadmetanjem mo\u017ee se do\u0107i do pozitivnih re\u0161enja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Filip Koneski<\/strong> ro\u0111en je u Skoplju 1987. godine. Diplomirao je na Arhitektonskom fakultetu u Skoplju na temu \u201eInstitut za konzervaciju i restauraciju\u201c, dok trenutno radi na master studijama \u201eAktivni pristup arhitektonskom nasle\u0111u\u201c. Njegovo radno iskustvo uklju\u010duje arhitektonske, zanatske i umetni\u010dke ateljee. Pored osnivanja MARH-a i upravljanja sajtom, trenutno je zaposlen u dizajnerskom studiju u Skoplju. Ostatak vremena posve\u0107en je nekoliko oblasti na polju stvarala\u0161tva, dok je u mati\u010dnoj sferi (arhitektura) Filip stekao pojedina\u010dne i grupne nagrade na doma\u0107im i me\u0111unarodnim takmi\u010denjima.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nakon re\u010denog \u201eDovi\u0111enja\u201c i dramati\u010dnog kraja prvog dela te\u0161ko je zaklju\u010diti da je to sve \u0161to mo\u017ee da se ka\u017ee o urbanizmu koji ne po\u0161tuje pro\u0161lost u makedonskoj prestonici, Skoplju. Pri\u010da o Skoplju je svakako \u0161ira i komplikovanija, i mora\u0107e biti ispri\u010dana mnogo puta. Ovaj grad, \u010diju sam istoriju ukratko spomenuo u uvodu u prvom delu, mi kao gra\u0111ani Skoplja […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1789,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","footnotes":""},"categories":[798],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3745","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-balkan-perspectives-17-bhsc"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nUrbanizam bez po\u0161tovanja prema pro\u0161losti \/ Skoplje \u2013 drugi deo - DWP-BALKAN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Urbanizam bez po\u0161tovanja prema pro\u0161losti \/ Skoplje \u2013 drugi deo - DWP-BALKAN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nakon re\u010denog \u201eDovi\u0111enja\u201c i dramati\u010dnog kraja prvog dela te\u0161ko je zaklju\u010diti da je to sve \u0161to mo\u017ee da se ka\u017ee o urbanizmu koji ne po\u0161tuje pro\u0161lost u makedonskoj prestonici, Skoplju. Pri\u010da o Skoplju je svakako \u0161ira i komplikovanija, i mora\u0107e biti ispri\u010dana mnogo puta. 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DWP-BALKAN","robots":{"index":"noindex","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Urbanizam bez po\u0161tovanja prema pro\u0161losti \/ Skoplje \u2013 drugi deo - DWP-BALKAN","og_description":"Nakon re\u010denog \u201eDovi\u0111enja\u201c i dramati\u010dnog kraja prvog dela te\u0161ko je zaklju\u010diti da je to sve \u0161to mo\u017ee da se ka\u017ee o urbanizmu koji ne po\u0161tuje pro\u0161lost u makedonskoj prestonici, Skoplju. 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