{"id":3827,"date":"2021-05-11T11:50:00","date_gmt":"2021-05-11T11:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/?p=3827"},"modified":"2022-01-13T11:51:47","modified_gmt":"2022-01-13T11:51:47","slug":"vitet-1980-te-dhe-1990-te-maqedonase-oaz-i-paqes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/sq\/vitet-1980-te-dhe-1990-te-maqedonase-oaz-i-paqes\/","title":{"rendered":"Vitet 1980-t\u00eb dhe 1990-t\u00eb maqedonase: oaz i paqes?"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Shkolla p\u00ebr Hulumtime Sociale, Akademia e Shkencave t\u00eb Polonis\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00ebr t\u2019i kuptuar m\u00eb mir\u00eb zhvillimet n\u00eb Maqedoni n\u00eb prag t\u00eb, si dhe gjat\u00eb luft\u00ebrave jugosllave, s\u00eb pari lexuesi do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfitonte n\u00ebse do t\u00eb kishte nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb viteve 1980-t\u00eb maqedonase dhe, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb mjaft ahistorike, t\u00eb dekad\u00ebs pasuese: vitet 1990. Duke ia nisur nga kjo e fundit, sidomos me pik\u00ebn kritike t\u00eb kthes\u00ebs n\u00eb vitin 1991, ekziston nj\u00eb nocion i p\u00ebrhapur se Republika e Maqedonis\u00eb, sot Maqedonia e Veriut, shteti federal m\u00eb jugor i ish-Jugosllavis\u00eb, ishte e vetmja republik\u00eb q\u00eb shmangu p\u00ebrgjakjen e armatosur n\u00eb vitet 1990-t\u00eb, prandaj shpeshher\u00eb i referohen si “oazi i paqes” n\u00eb Ballkanin e asaj kohe. Parlamenti i par\u00eb pluralist maqedonas, q\u00eb ishte rezultat i t\u00eb ashtuquajtur\u00ebs \u201cpranver\u00eb maqedonase” e fundit t\u00eb viteve 1980-t\u00eb dhe fillimit t\u00eb viteve 1990-t\u00eb, q\u00eb shtjellohet m\u00eb tutje, votoi n\u00eb janar t\u00eb vitit 1991 \u201cDeklarat\u00ebn e Pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb\u201d para se t\u00eb propozonte referendumin p\u00ebr pavar\u00ebsi m\u00eb 8 shtator 1991. Plebishiti i suksessh\u00ebm, me m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 95% t\u00eb votuesve pro Maqedonis\u00eb s\u00eb pavarur dhe sovrane (me \u201ct\u00eb drejt\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u2019iu bashkuar nj\u00eb unioni sovran t\u00eb shteteve jugosllave\u201d), Kushtetuta e Maqedonis\u00eb e n\u00ebntorit 1991, prania e shtuar e komunitetit nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar n\u00eb vend dhe roli i Kiro Gligorovit, i cili vet\u00eb ishte veteran i L2B-s\u00eb, an\u00ebtar i qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb p\u00ebrkohshme maqedonase t\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb luft\u00ebs, zyrtar i lart\u00eb n\u00eb Beograd p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb dhe presidenti i par\u00eb i Maqedonis\u00eb pas-jugosllave, shtruan rrug\u00ebn p\u00ebr marr\u00ebveshjen mbi t\u00ebrheqjen paq\u00ebsore nga territoret maqedonase t\u00eb ushtris\u00eb jugosllave t\u00eb dominuar nga serb\u00ebt dhe demokratizimin e m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm t\u00eb shtetit maqedonas tashm\u00eb sovran. Marr\u00ebveshja Gligorov-Millosheviq u arrit n\u00eb shkurt 1992, nd\u00ebrsa ushtria jugosllave u t\u00ebrhoq n\u00eb shkurt dhe mars t\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit vit. Ajo ishte dhe nj\u00eb ngjarje kritike p\u00ebr zbutjen e tensioneve rreth Maqedonis\u00eb n\u00eb vazhd\u00ebn e luft\u00ebrave dhe shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrjes s\u00eb Jugosllavis\u00eb.[1]<\/sup><\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Megjithat\u00eb, nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjesh t\u00eb brendshme socio-politike dhe t\u00eb jashtme, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb argumentojm\u00eb se shenjuan vitet 1990-t\u00eb maqedonase, vun\u00eb n\u00eb pik\u00ebpyetje vet\u00eb ekzistenc\u00ebn dhe t\u00eb ardhmen eventuale t\u00eb shtetit t\u00eb ri pas-jugosllav: inter alia<\/em>, skena medikatike e nj\u00ebz\u00ebshme, privatizimi i kontestuar, ritmi i ngadalt\u00eb i investimeve t\u00eb huaja dhe rritja e tensioneve etnike nd\u00ebrshtet\u00ebrore, por edhe refuzimi zyrtar grek p\u00ebr t\u00eb njohur em\u00ebrtimin e shtetit, Maqedoni, q\u00eb u pasua nga embargoja e Greqis\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1994 dhe kriza q\u00eb po shfaqej n\u00eb Kosov\u00ebn fqinje (1995-1999). T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto ngjarje trondit\u00ebn r\u00ebnd\u00eb sigurin\u00eb ontologjike t\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve maqedonas n\u00eb vitet 1990-t\u00eb. Nj\u00eb v\u00ebllim i redaktuar nga Instituti i Fondacionit p\u00ebr Shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb e Hapur n\u00eb Maqedoni i botuar n\u00eb vitin 2001 me titullin Maqedonia 1989-1999<\/em> parashtron nj\u00eb perspektiv\u00eb interesante p\u00ebr ngjarjet e lartp\u00ebrmendura. Redaktor\u00ebt i kan\u00eb pyetur autor\u00ebt, q\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb ishin nd\u00ebr politikan\u00ebt, ekonomist\u00ebt dhe afarist\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb njohur maqedonas, \u201c[p]se qytetar\u00ebt maqedonas ndjehen t\u00eb pasigurt\u00eb\u201d dhe, parashikuesh\u00ebm, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb artikujt japin p\u00ebrgjigje pohuese, duke renditur arsyet e ndryshme p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb ndjenj\u00eb t\u00eb pasiguris\u00eb.[2]<\/sup><\/a> P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, \u201cbalanca e brisht\u00eb nd\u00ebretnike dhe ujdit\u00eb delikat\u00eb politike”[3]<\/sup><\/a> t\u00eb shtetit evoluan n\u00eb vitin 2001 n\u00eb nj\u00eb konflikt t\u00eb armatosur shtat\u00eb-mujor q\u00eb u zhvillua p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb vijave etnike: forcat shtet\u00ebrore maqedonase dhe kryengrit\u00ebsit shqiptar\u00eb etnik\u00eb. Kryengritja nuk u shnd\u00ebrrua n\u00eb luft\u00eb t\u00eb hapur civile dhe u zgjidh me t\u00eb ashtuquajturin Traktati Korniz\u00eb i Ohrit, nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje p\u00ebr paqen q\u00eb rip\u00ebrfytyronte realitetin e shtetit shum\u00ebetnik dhe institucionalizonte edhe m\u00eb tej t\u00eb drejtat e minoriteteve etnike. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shum\u00eb nga sa u p\u00ebrmend m\u00eb sip\u00ebr ishte rezultat i viteve 1980-t\u00eb maqedonase. Dekada pas vdekjes s\u00eb Titos ishte pika kulmore e \u201cmoszhvillimit ekonomik\u201d t\u00eb shtetit[4]<\/sup><\/a> me rritje t\u00eb papun\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb borxheve t\u00eb huaja dhe vendore, por edhe periudh\u00eb e p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsimit t\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve nd\u00ebretnike n\u00eb shtet. Vendimi i fundit t\u00eb viteve 1980-t\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb pezulluar Nenin 49 t\u00eb Kushtetut\u00ebs Jugosllave t\u00eb vitit 1974 n\u00eb Maqedonin\u00eb sociale, q\u00eb e p\u00ebrkufizonte Maqedonin\u00eb si shtet-komb<\/em> t\u00eb maqedonasve dhe shtet t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve, turqve dhe komb\u00ebsive <\/em>t\u00eb tjera, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga episodet q\u00eb shpeshher\u00eb anashkalohen n\u00eb literatur\u00ebn shkencore. K\u00ebtu, vepra e Sllavko Millosavleskit \u00ebsht\u00eb me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb posa\u00e7me. Profesor i sociologjis\u00eb dhe an\u00ebtar i t\u00eb ashtuquajturit fraksion liberal i Lidhjes s\u00eb Komunist\u00ebve Maqedonas n\u00eb vitet 1960-t\u00eb dhe 1970-t\u00eb, ai ishte nd\u00ebr autor\u00ebt e par\u00eb q\u00eb vuri n\u00eb dukje politikat jokonsistente, konservatore dhe madje nacionaliste t\u00eb elitave sunduese maqedonase n\u00eb vitet 1980-t\u00eb.[5]<\/sup><\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seria e ngjarjeve q\u00eb pasuan Kongresin e 10-t\u00eb t\u00eb Lidhjes s\u00eb Komunist\u00ebve Maqedonas duhet t\u00eb shihen kundrejt k\u00ebsaj prapavije. Paralelisht me r\u00ebnien e Murit t\u00eb Berlinit, ngritjen e Millosheviqit dhe trazirat n\u00eb Rumanin\u00eb fqinje n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, partia sunduese n\u00eb Maqedonin\u00eb socialiste votoi p\u00ebr ndryshimin e t\u00eb ashtuquajtur\u00ebs elita \u201cdogmatike\u201d dhe solli n\u00eb pushtet n\u00eb fundin e vitit 1989 nj\u00eb brez t\u00eb ri t\u00eb politikan\u00ebve, duke zhvendosur k\u00ebshtu n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb kritike rrjedh\u00ebn politike t\u00eb partis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb shtetit. Pasuan nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb reformash strukturore t\u00eb tipit glasnost<\/em> q\u00eb mund\u00ebsuan pluralizmin politik (fillimisht brenda Lidhjes s\u00eb Komunist\u00ebve Maqedonas, n\u00eb nivel shtet\u00ebror deri n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb viteve 1990), zgjedhje demokratike (q\u00eb u mbajt\u00ebn m\u00eb 11 n\u00ebntor 1990 dhe p\u00ebrfunduan n\u00eb dhjetor 1990, pas tri raundeve t\u00eb votimit, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb qeveria e par\u00eb pas-jugosllave, ekspert\u00eb, u krijua m\u00eb 20 mars t\u00eb vitit vijues) dhe nj\u00eb referendum p\u00ebr pavar\u00ebsin\u00eb (q\u00eb u votua me brohorima nga parlamenti maqedonas n\u00eb gusht 1991, pak pas fillimit t\u00eb veprimeve ushtarake n\u00eb Jugosllavi).[6]<\/sup><\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shtigjet antiluft\u00eb t\u00eb arratis\u00eb<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mund t\u00eb argumentohet se diskursi, aktivizmi dhe politika antiluft\u00eb n\u00eb fundin e viteve 1908-t\u00eb dhe fillimi i viteve 1990-t\u00eb maqedonase ishin p\u00ebrpjekje kryesisht nga lart\u00eb-posht\u00eb, t\u00eb shtytura nga elitat. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim mund t\u00eb identifikohen dy trajektore kryesore. S\u00eb pari, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr v\u00ebrejtje e r\u00ebndomt\u00eb se politikan\u00ebt maqedonas t\u00eb profilit t\u00eb lart\u00eb k\u00ebrkonin t\u00eb negocionin, ose ndoshta, t\u00eb zgjidhnin tensionet nacionaliste n\u00eb rritje brenda organeve dhe strukturave shtet\u00ebrore jugosllave. N\u00eb renditje kronologjike, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendim aktivitetet e Vasil Tupurkovskit, profesor i s\u00eb drejt\u00ebs nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe an\u00ebtar i Presidenc\u00ebs Jugosllave n\u00eb fundin e viteve 1980-t\u00eb, i cili krahas me homologun e tij nga Bosnje e Hercegovina, Bogiq Bogiqeviq, \u201cvepruan si negociator\u00eb\/arbitra\u201d nd\u00ebrmjet kampeve t\u00eb procentralizimit (Serbia, Mali i Zi) dhe pro-decentralizimit (Kroacia, Sllovenia) n\u00eb fillimin e periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb konflikteve t\u00eb armatosura n\u00eb Slloveni dhe Kroaci.[7]<\/sup><\/a> Tupurkovski ishte dhe nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e presidiumit t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kund\u00ebrshtuan shtytjen e Millosheviqit p\u00ebr ta margjinalizuar k\u00ebt\u00eb organ kolektiv vendimmarr\u00ebs n\u00eb mars 1991 dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb kontrollin e plot\u00eb mbi ushtrin\u00eb jugosllave.[8]<\/sup><\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vet\u00ebm pak muaj m\u00eb pas, n\u00eb maj 1991, Presidenti maqedonas Kiro Gligorov, s\u00eb bashku me Alija Izetbegoviqin, n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb kryetar i Presidiumit t\u00eb Bosnje e Hercegovin\u00ebs, i propozuan nj\u00eb grupi t\u00eb ashtuquajtur \u201cDymb\u00ebdhjet\u00ebshja Evropiane\u201d, q\u00eb drejtohej nga kryesuesi i Komunitetit Evropian Zhak Delor, projektin p\u00ebr rimodelimin e Jugosllavis\u00eb. Kjo nism\u00eb erdhi pas nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb samitesh presidenciale ku Gligorovi dhe Izetbegoviqi \u201cmbajt\u00ebn q\u00ebndrime nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsuese\u201d nd\u00ebrmjet kampeve t\u00eb procentralizimit (Serbi, Mali i Zi) dhe pro-decentralizimit (Kroaci, Slloveni).[9]<\/sup><\/a> Prandaj, duke u mb\u00ebshtetur tek parimi 2+2+2, dyshja e ashtuquajtur Gligorov-Izetbegoviq projektuan nj\u00eb federat\u00eb asimetrike si mjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen e Jugosllavis\u00eb, apo, sipas fjal\u00ebve t\u00eb Misha Glenit, \u201ce vetmja zgjidhje p\u00ebr kriz\u00ebn jugosllave q\u00eb do t\u00eb kishte mundur t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundonte n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb paq\u00ebsore\u201d.[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Disa autor\u00eb pajtohen p\u00ebr arsyet e k\u00ebtyre hapave nga politikan\u00ebt dhe elitat politike maqedonase. Ishte Federata Jugosllave q\u00eb ndihmoi me finalizimin e nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb kombit dhe shtetit n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn pas L2B, q\u00eb e strehoi shtetin nga grindjet dypal\u00ebshe p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb historis\u00eb dhe kujtes\u00ebs dhe lundroi n\u00ebp\u00ebr marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e nd\u00ebrlikuara nd\u00ebretnike.[11]<\/sup><\/a> Prandaj, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u befasuar q\u00eb nga fundi i viteve 1980-t\u00eb, qytetar\u00ebt maqedonas, kryesisht t\u00eb etnis\u00eb maqedonase, i shihnin identitetet komb\u00ebtare (maqedonase) dhe mbikomb\u00ebtare (jugosllave) si plot\u00ebsues t\u00eb nj\u00ebri-tjetrit. Ljubica Spaskovska, n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e saj thelb\u00ebsore Brezi i fundit jugosllav: t\u00eb rimenduarit e politikave rinore dhe kulturave nga fundi i socializmit<\/em>, shpalos qart\u00eb se edhe pse jugosllav\u00ebt e rinj kishin \u201cbesim themelor tek projekti jugosllav\u201d n\u00eb vitet 1980, ishin t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb maqedonas ata q\u00eb kishin p\u00ebrqindjen m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjeve pohuese ndaj programit jugosllav p\u00ebr hulumtim mbi deklarat\u00ebn e t\u00eb rinjve: “Ndjenjat e p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsis\u00eb jugosllave dhe p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsia ime komb\u00ebtare nuk jan\u00eb e nj\u00ebjta gj\u00eb, por kam emocione p\u00ebr t\u00eb dyja” (69%, me 61% mesatarja jugosllave).[12]<\/sup><\/a> N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn frym\u00eb, do t\u00eb ishte n\u00eb Maqedoni (dhe Bosnje e Hercegovin\u00eb) ku \u201ci vetmi opsion politik panjugosllav dhe joetnik\u201d \u2013 Aleanca e Forcave Reformiste t\u00eb Jugosllavis\u00eb e udh\u00ebhequr nga Kryeministri i fundit jugosllav Ante Markoviq \u2013 fitoi num\u00ebr t\u00eb konsideruesh\u00ebm t\u00eb votave n\u00eb vitin 1990.[13]<\/sup><\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb zhvillimesh t\u00eb ngjashme mund t\u00eb identifikohen si ajo q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizohet n\u00eb vija t\u00eb trasha si embrioni i shoq\u00ebris\u00eb civile n\u00eb Maqedonin\u00eb pas-jugosllave. Ana Devic, p\u00ebr shembull, v\u00ebren krijimin n\u00eb vitin 1991 t\u00eb t\u00eb ashtuquajturit \u201cForumi Maqedonas p\u00ebr Lirin\u00eb e Informimit dhe Demokracis\u00eb\u201d n\u00eb Shkup nga nj\u00eb grup simpatizant\u00ebsh t\u00eb partis\u00eb s\u00eb Markoviqit dhe Gligorovit, si “qend\u00ebr p\u00ebr diskutime dhe takime t\u00eb intelektual\u00ebve jonacionalist\u00eb”. Ajo gjithashtu rendit edhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrjavshmen Puls<\/em>, krahas Forumit, si nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr platform\u00eb q\u00eb mblodhi bashk\u00eb nj\u00eb grup m\u00eb t\u00eb ri t\u00eb intelektual\u00ebve publik\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt nga ana e tyre, ishin n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb \u201cshtjellonin dhe promovonin koordinatat ligjore p\u00ebr Maqedonin\u00eb shum\u00ebetnike, duke u fokusuar tek kritika ndaj p\u00ebrpjekjeve t\u00eb partive nacionaliste t\u00eb Maqedonis\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb penguar autonomin\u00eb kulturore t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb shqiptare t\u00eb Maqedonis\u00eb\u201d.[14]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zgjedhjet e para demokratike dhe platformat e lartp\u00ebrmendura ilustrojn\u00eb trajektoren e dyt\u00eb: p\u00ebrpjekjet e shtytura nga elitat p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur nj\u00eb luft\u00eb civile n\u00eb Maqedoni, p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb vijave etnike dhe fetare. P\u00ebrplasjet n\u00eb fillimin e viteve 1990-t\u00eb \u201cp\u00ebr iden\u00eb baz\u00eb prapa konceptit t\u00eb shtetit\u201d nd\u00ebrmjet elitave maqedonase dhe shqiptare u materializuan n\u00eb bojkotim t\u00eb votimit p\u00ebr kushtetut\u00ebn dhe regjistrimit t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb nga maqedonasit dhe shqiptar\u00ebt,[15]<\/sup><\/a> nd\u00ebrsa arriti kulmin n\u00eb 1990 me episodet e fushatave politike kur tensionet nacionaliste arrit\u00ebn n\u00eb kufijt\u00eb e konfrontimeve t\u00eb armatosura. S\u00ebrish, do t\u00eb ishte veprimi i elitave dhe trash\u00ebgimia socialiste e p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimit politik, krahas me pranin\u00eb e bashk\u00ebsis\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare n\u00eb shtet q\u00eb ndihmuan n\u00eb tejkalimin e tensioneve n\u00eb rritje n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb viteve 1990-t\u00eb: edhe pse p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit e “minoriteteve etnike” mor\u00ebn pjes\u00eb n\u00eb grupet e pun\u00ebs q\u00eb hartuan kushtetut\u00ebn, regjistrimin e popullsis\u00eb dhe disa nga ligjet m\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtuara[16]<\/sup><\/a> vendimi i Partis\u00eb p\u00ebr Prosperitet Demokratik t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve etnik\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb merrte pjes\u00eb n\u00eb koalicionin qeveris\u00ebs n\u00eb vitin 1992 ishte \u201c\u00e7el\u00ebsi p\u00ebr stabilitetin e Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Maqedonis\u00eb\u201d dhe k\u00ebshtu i dha legjitimitet qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb par\u00eb politike n\u00eb historin\u00eb e vet demokratike.[17]<\/sup><\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pasojat<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cilat jan\u00eb sot narrativat publike mbizot\u00ebruese rreth fundit t\u00eb viteve 1980-t\u00eb dhe fillimit t\u00eb viteve 1990-t\u00eb maqedonas? Nj\u00eb shtjellim i shpejt\u00eb i diskurseve dhe i aktiviteteve p\u00ebrkujtimore shpalos tendencat mbizot\u00ebruese dhe propozon agjend\u00ebn eventuale p\u00ebr hulumtim. Nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb, edhe pse 8 Shtatori festohet masivisht si fest\u00eb shtet\u00ebrore n\u00eb Maqedonin\u00eb pas-jugosllave, ajo ka mbetur si fest\u00eb q\u00eb pothuajse ekskluzivisht p\u00ebrkujtohet brenda kampit etnik maqedonas q\u00eb nga fillimi i viteve 1990-t\u00eb: kryesisht si mjet p\u00ebr rilegjitimimim e identitetit etnik maqedonas.[18]<\/sup><\/a> Edhe pse p\u00ebrkujtimi i fundit shtet\u00ebror para pandemis\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2019 u shenjua nga p\u00ebrpjekjet p\u00ebr ta zhvendosur paradigm\u00ebn p\u00ebrkujtimore rreth 8 Shtatorit, ngjarja kryesore u organizua n\u00eb sken\u00ebn e hapur \u201cGuaska e detit\u201d n\u00eb parkun e qytetit t\u00eb Shkupit (u p\u00ebrdor edhe metafora e \u201chapjes s\u00eb guask\u00ebs\u201d p\u00ebr t\u00eb theksuar karakterin transetnik t\u00eb ngjarjes), n\u00ebn parrull\u00ebn (n\u00eb shum\u00ebs!) “Ngjyrat e pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb”. Megjithat\u00eb, fjalimet e vitit 2020 me rastin e 8 Shtatorit riafirmuan narrativat politike mbizot\u00ebruese t\u00eb pas-vitit 2001 lidhur me 8 Shtatorin: rezultatet e referendumit p\u00ebr pavar\u00ebsi paraqiten si piket\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb historin\u00eb e nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb kombit dhe t\u00eb shtetit maqedonas, nd\u00ebrsa arsyet p\u00ebr bojkot t\u00eb plebishitit, sikurse dhe atmosfera e p\u00ebrgjithshme para dhe pas referendumit, pothuajse shp\u00ebrfillen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, koh\u00ebve t\u00eb fundit po shtyhet p\u00ebrpara nga pal\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme formale dhe joformale t\u00eb interesit nj\u00eb q\u00ebndrim m\u00eb i gjer\u00eb dhe m\u00eb gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebs p\u00ebrkujtimor rreth fundit t\u00eb viteve 1980-t\u00eb dhe fillimit t\u00eb viteve 1990-t\u00eb maqedonase. Ia vlen t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendet seria e intervistave me pal\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb interesit q\u00eb kan\u00eb qen\u00eb aktive gjat\u00eb referendumit p\u00ebr pavar\u00ebsi, q\u00eb u zhvillua online nga platforma Sakam da ka\u017eam<\/em> n\u00eb mesin e viteve 2010.[19]<\/sup><\/a> K\u00ebto lloje t\u00eb intervistave jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb ndihmojn\u00eb me demokratizimin e diskursit publik rreth 8 Shtatorit dhe vitet e para t\u00eb sovranitetit t\u00eb Maqedonis\u00eb, por i kontribuojn\u00eb edhe \u00e7elitizimit t\u00eb diskursit p\u00ebr aktivizmin antiluft\u00eb jugosllav in toto<\/em> \u2013 ku \u201crr\u00ebfimet e orientuara nga elita\u201d jan\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr arsyet kryesore p\u00ebr margjinalizimin e aktivizmit antiluft\u00eb n\u00eb studimet e fundit t\u00eb luft\u00ebrave jugosllave.[20]<\/sup><\/a> Tashm\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb dukshme disa rezultate paraprake: p\u00ebrkujtimet e koh\u00ebve t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb Shashko Geshovskit, nj\u00eb maqedonas 19-vje\u00e7ar, viktima e par\u00eb e luft\u00ebrave jugosllave dhe nj\u00eb nga 54 maqedonasit q\u00eb vdiq\u00ebn si rekrut\u00eb t\u00eb ushtris\u00eb jugosllave n\u00eb vitet 1990-t\u00eb,[21]<\/sup><\/a> por edhe prania e shtuar n\u00eb media e emrit t\u00eb Dragoljub Bocinovit, gjeneral maqedonas i ushtris\u00eb jugosllave dhe i pari Shef i Shtabit t\u00eb P\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm t\u00eb Ushtris\u00eb Maqedonase, i cili kaloi 18 muaj n\u00eb burg pasi refuzoi t\u00eb bombardonte Splitin.[22]<\/sup><\/a> K\u00ebto ngjarje p\u00ebrkujtimore nga ana e tyre ofrojn\u00eb platforma p\u00ebr t\u00eb diskutuar dhe kuptuar m\u00eb mir\u00eb dinamizmin kompleks t\u00eb diskurseve dhe praktikave antiluft\u00eb n\u00eb fundin e viteve 1980-t\u00eb dhe fillimin e viteve 1990-t\u00eb maqedonase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Naum Trajanovski<\/strong> \u00ebsht\u00eb kandidat p\u00ebr doktoratur\u00eb n\u00eb sociologji pran\u00eb Shkoll\u00ebs p\u00ebr Hulumtime Sociale pran\u00eb Institutit t\u00eb Filozofis\u00eb dhe Sociologjis\u00eb t\u00eb Akademis\u00eb s\u00eb Shkencave t\u00eb Polonis\u00eb. Ai ka punuar si koordinator i projekteve p\u00ebr Rrjetin Evropian t\u00eb Kujtes\u00ebs dhe Solidaritetit (2017) dhe si hulumtues pran\u00eb Fakultetit t\u00eb Filozofis\u00eb, Universiteti Sh\u00ebn Kirili dhe Metodi, Shkup (2018-2020). Interesat m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha akademike t\u00eb tij p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb politikat e kujtes\u00ebs n\u00eb Maqedonin\u00eb e Veriut dhe bartjen e njohurive sociologjike n\u00eb vitet 1960 n\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn Lindore. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb autor i nj\u00eb libri n\u00eb maqedonisht t\u00eb titulluar Operacijata Muzej: Muzejot na makedonskata borba i makedonskata politika na sekjavanje<\/em> (Operacioni Muzeum: Muzeumi i P\u00ebrpjekjes Maqedonase dhe politikat maqedonase t\u00eb kujtes\u00ebs; Shkup: Templum, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> N\u00eb kujtimet e tij, Gligorov p\u00ebrmend dy episode interesante nga fundi i viteve 1990-t\u00eb: nga ana e nj\u00eb grupi t\u00eb p\u00ebrkrah\u00ebsve forcave politike djathtiste pati p\u00ebrpjekje t\u00eb organizuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb sulmuar shtabin e ushtris\u00eb jugosllave n\u00eb Shkup, q\u00eb sipas Gligorovit, u ndal\u00ebn nga kabineti i tij vet\u00ebm n\u00eb \u00e7astin e fundit; Gligorovi gjithashtu kishte frik\u00eb nga ndonj\u00eb pu\u00e7 ushtarak gjat\u00eb t\u00ebrheqjes s\u00eb ushtris\u00eb jugosllave nga Maqedonia, ndaj n\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7ast kritik, ai ka regjistruar nj\u00eb intervist\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebn, q\u00eb do t\u00eb transmetohej vet\u00ebm n\u00eb rast se e arrestonin. N\u00eb at\u00eb intervist\u00eb ai u b\u00ebnte thirrje qytetar\u00ebve maqedonas p\u00ebr rezistenc\u00eb jo t\u00eb dhunshme dhe paq\u00ebsore, ndaj pu\u00e7ist\u00ebve. M\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb Kiro Gligorov, Makedonija e s<\/em>\u00e8 <\/em>\u0161to imame<\/em> (Shkup: Kultura, 2002), 189-190.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> M\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb Fani Karanfilova-Panovska (red.), Makedonija 1989-1999<\/em> (Shkup: Institut otvoreno op\u0161testvo, 2001).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> Ljubica Spaskovska, \u201cShtetasit, minoritetet dhe refugjat\u00ebt e Maqedonis\u00eb n\u00eb labirintet post-komuniste t\u00eb shtet\u00ebsis\u00eb\u201d seri e<\/em> punimeve, Universiteti i Edinburgut <\/em>(2010\/05), 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a> Ljubica Jan\u00e7eva dhe Aleksandar Litovski, \u201cMaqedonia dhe maqedonasit n\u00eb Jugosllavi\u201d n\u00eb Jugosllavia nga perspektiva historike<\/em>, red. Latinka Peroviq dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. (Beograd: Komiteti i Helsinkit p\u00ebr t\u00eb Drejtat e Njeriut n\u00eb Serbi, 2017), 179-180. Shih edhe Misha Gleni, \u201c\u00c7\u00ebshtja maqedonase\u201d n\u00eb Perspektiva nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare p\u00ebr konfliktin jugosllav<\/em>, redaktor\u00eb Aleks Dan\u00e7ev dhe Tomas Halverson (Lond\u00ebr \u2013 Nju Jork: Macmillan \u2013 St. Martin\u2019s Press, 1996), 134-147.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> Shih monografit\u00eb e tij Dvete lica na sobitijata<\/em> (Shkup: Zumpres, 1996); Isto<\/em>\u010d<\/em>na Evropa pome<\/em>\u01f5<\/em>u egalitarizmot i demokratijata<\/em> (Shkup: IP Ljuboten, 1993), 133-179 dhe Makedonski kontroverzi 1990-2003<\/em> (Shkup: IP Ljuboten, 2004), 9-98. Shih edhe v\u00ebllimin e redaktuar t\u00eb tij (bashk\u00ebredaktuar me Mir\u00e7e Tomovskin), t\u00eb titulluar Albancite vo Republika Makedonija 1945-1995: Legislativa, politi<\/em>\u010d<\/em>ka dokumentacija, statistika<\/em> (Shkup: NIP Studentski zbor, 1997).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> M\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr vij\u00ebn kohore t\u00eb viteve 1989-1991 maqedonase n\u00eb Katerina Bllazhevska, \u201cDeset godini makedonski pluralizam\u201d n\u00eb Makedonija 1989-1999<\/em>, red. Fani Karanfilova-Panovska (Shkup: Institut otvoreno op\u0161testvo, 2001), 121-132.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> M\u00eb shum\u00eb nga Ljubica Spaskovska, \u201cPeisazhe t\u00eb rezistenc\u00ebs, shpres\u00ebs dhe humbjes: mbinacionalizmi dhe antinacionalizmi jugosllav\u201d n\u00eb Rezistenca ndaj s\u00eb keqes: Grindjet antiluft\u00eb [pas-]jugosllave<\/em>, redator\u00eb Bojan Bilic dhe Vesna Jankovic (Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2012), 37-62.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> Blejn Harden, \u201cTrazira politike jugosllave zgjerohet\u201d The Washington Post<\/em>, 19 mars 1991.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> Spaskovska, \u201cPeisazhe t\u00eb rezistenc\u00ebs,\u201d 46.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> Misha Gleni, R\u00ebnia e Jugosllavis\u00eb: Lufta e Tret\u00eb Ballkanike <\/em>(Lond\u00ebr \u2013 Nju Jork: Penguin Books, 1992), 153. Shih edhe: Vera Katz, \u201cPlatform\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhmen e komunitetit jugosllav (Plani Izetbegovic-Gligorov): k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrim nga perspektiva e Bosnje e Hercegovin\u00ebs\u201d Politeja<\/em> 30:4 (2014): 191-210; dhe Adriane Rubeli, \u201cK\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet ndaj sovranitetit: \u00c7\u00ebshtja e Maqedonis\u00eb n\u00eb vitet 1990-t\u00eb\u201d n\u00eb Nj\u00eb \u00e7ast n\u00eb koh\u00eb<\/em>, redaktor\u00eb Adriane Rubeli dhe Nina Vucenik (Vjen\u00eb: IWM, 2000), 1-15.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> P\u00ebr nj\u00eb v\u00ebshtrim t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm, shih Naum Trajanovski, Operacijata Muzej: Muzejot na makedonskata borba i makedonskata politika na se<\/em>\u1e31<\/em>avanje<\/em> (Shkup: Templum, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/sup><\/a> Ljubica Spaskovska, Brezi i fundit jugosllav: rimendimi i politikave rinore dhe kultur\u00ebs nga fundi i socializmit <\/em>(Man\u00e7ester: Manchester University Press), 92-97.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/sup><\/a> Spaskovska, \u201cPeisazhe t\u00eb rezistenc\u00ebs\u201d 46.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/sup><\/a> Ana Devic, \u201cNismat antiluft\u00eb dhe zhb\u00ebrja e identiteteve qytetare n \u00ebish-republikat jugosllave\u201d Journal of Historical Sociology<\/em> 10:2 (1997), 138.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/sup><\/a> Zhidas Daskalovski, “Konsolidimi demokratik dhe problemi i \u2018pashtet\u00ebsis\u00eb\u2019: \u00e7\u00ebshtja e Maqedonis\u00eb\u201d Global Review of Ethnopolitics<\/em> 3:2 (2004), 52.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/sup><\/a> Gejl Stokes p\u00ebrmend githashtu se Maqedonia ishte i vetmi shtet paskomunist n\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn Lindore me kabinet shum\u00ebetnik n\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit 1992 n\u00eb punimin e vet Mur\u00ebt u rr\u00ebzuan: Kolapsi i komunizmit n\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn Lindore <\/em>(Oksford \u2013 Nju Jork: Oxford University Press, 1993), 252.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/sup><\/a> Teuta Arifi, \u201cBezbednosta na zborot\u201d n\u00eb Makedonija 1989-1999<\/em>, red. Fani Karanfilova-Panovska (Shkup: Institut otvoreno op\u0161testvo, 2001), 137-143.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/sup><\/a> P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, n\u00eb vitin 2014, Aida A. Hoziq ka v\u00ebrejtur se mungesa n\u00eb Maqedoni e narrativave p\u00ebrkujtimore rreth shp\u00ebrb\u00ebrjes s\u00eb Jugosllavis\u00eb n\u00eb krahasim me p\u00ebrkujtimet globale t\u00eb vitit 1989 n\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn Qendrore dhe Lindore \u00ebsht\u00eb e nd\u00ebrlidhur ngusht\u00eb me munges\u00ebn e ndryshimit t\u00eb prer\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrrimit t\u00eb regjimit komunist\/paskomunist n\u00eb Maqedoni. M\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb kapitullin e saj \u201cKa ndodhur dhe diku tjet\u00ebr: kujtimi i 1989 n\u00eb ish-Jugosllavi\u201d n\u00eb Nj\u00ebzet\u00eb vite pas komunizmit: politikat e kujtes\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebrkujtimit<\/em>, redaktor\u00eb Majk\u00ebll Bernhard dhe Jan Kubik (Oksford \u2013 Nju Jork: Oxford University Press, 2014), 149-151.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/sup><\/a> Projekti, i titulluar 25 vjet pavar\u00ebsi, shpalosi intervista nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjer\u00eb edhe me organizator\u00ebt e ceremonies pas referendumit, politikan\u00eb maqedonas t\u00eb etnis\u00eb shqiptare dhe me koordinatorin e pare.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> M\u00eb shum\u00eb nga Bojan Biliq, \u201cAngazhimi antiluft\u00eb (pas-)jugosllav: tem\u00eb hulumtimi n\u00eb pritje t\u00eb v\u00ebmendjes\u201d Filozofija i Dru<\/em>\u0161<\/em>tvo<\/em> 4 (2011), 83-84.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/sup><\/a> Sinisa Jakov Marusic, \u201cMaqedonia e Veriut p\u00ebrkujton ushtar\u00ebt e vrar\u00eb n\u00eb luft\u00ebrat jugosllave\u201d BalkanInsight<\/em>, 15 n\u00ebntor 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/sup><\/a> Shih, p\u00ebr shembull, \u201cTrenerot na MZT Skopje Nazor go poseti grobot na general Bocinov,\u201d Sloboden Pe\u010dat<\/em>, 25 maj 2017.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Shkolla p\u00ebr Hulumtime Sociale, Akademia e Shkencave t\u00eb Polonis\u00eb P\u00ebr t\u2019i kuptuar m\u00eb mir\u00eb zhvillimet n\u00eb Maqedoni n\u00eb prag t\u00eb, si dhe gjat\u00eb luft\u00ebrave jugosllave, s\u00eb pari lexuesi do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfitonte n\u00ebse do t\u00eb kishte nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb viteve 1980-t\u00eb maqedonase dhe, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb mjaft ahistorike, t\u00eb dekad\u00ebs pasuese: vitet 1990. Duke ia nisur nga kjo e fundit, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2787,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","footnotes":""},"categories":[812],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3827","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-balkan-perspectives-16-alb"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nVitet 1980-t\u00eb dhe 1990-t\u00eb maqedonase: oaz i paqes? - DWP-BALKAN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vitet 1980-t\u00eb dhe 1990-t\u00eb maqedonase: oaz i paqes? - DWP-BALKAN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Shkolla p\u00ebr Hulumtime Sociale, Akademia e Shkencave t\u00eb Polonis\u00eb P\u00ebr t\u2019i kuptuar m\u00eb mir\u00eb zhvillimet n\u00eb Maqedoni n\u00eb prag t\u00eb, si dhe gjat\u00eb luft\u00ebrave jugosllave, s\u00eb pari lexuesi do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfitonte n\u00ebse do t\u00eb kishte nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb viteve 1980-t\u00eb maqedonase dhe, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb mjaft ahistorike, t\u00eb dekad\u00ebs pasuese: vitet 1990. Duke ia nisur nga kjo e fundit, […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/sq\/vitet-1980-te-dhe-1990-te-maqedonase-oaz-i-paqes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"DWP-BALKAN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-05-11T11:50:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-01-13T11:51:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/NT-photo-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"518\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"552\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"DWPBALKAN\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"DWPBALKAN\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"14 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dwp-balkan.org\\\/staging\\\/sq\\\/vitet-1980-te-dhe-1990-te-maqedonase-oaz-i-paqes\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dwp-balkan.org\\\/staging\\\/sq\\\/vitet-1980-te-dhe-1990-te-maqedonase-oaz-i-paqes\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"DWPBALKAN\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dwp-balkan.org\\\/staging\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/94e01f70a9f8ac0de7af6559b5fc802d\"},\"headline\":\"Vitet 1980-t\u00eb dhe 1990-t\u00eb maqedonase: oaz i paqes?\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-05-11T11:50:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-01-13T11:51:47+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dwp-balkan.org\\\/staging\\\/sq\\\/vitet-1980-te-dhe-1990-te-maqedonase-oaz-i-paqes\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":3368,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dwp-balkan.org\\\/staging\\\/sq\\\/vitet-1980-te-dhe-1990-te-maqedonase-oaz-i-paqes\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dwp-balkan.org\\\/staging\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/12\\\/NT-photo-1.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Balkan.Perspectives #16 - ALB\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/dwp-balkan.org\\\/staging\\\/sq\\\/vitet-1980-te-dhe-1990-te-maqedonase-oaz-i-paqes\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dwp-balkan.org\\\/staging\\\/sq\\\/vitet-1980-te-dhe-1990-te-maqedonase-oaz-i-paqes\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dwp-balkan.org\\\/staging\\\/sq\\\/vitet-1980-te-dhe-1990-te-maqedonase-oaz-i-paqes\\\/\",\"name\":\"Vitet 1980-t\u00eb dhe 1990-t\u00eb maqedonase: oaz i paqes? - DWP-BALKAN\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dwp-balkan.org\\\/staging\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dwp-balkan.org\\\/staging\\\/sq\\\/vitet-1980-te-dhe-1990-te-maqedonase-oaz-i-paqes\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dwp-balkan.org\\\/staging\\\/sq\\\/vitet-1980-te-dhe-1990-te-maqedonase-oaz-i-paqes\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dwp-balkan.org\\\/staging\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/12\\\/NT-photo-1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-05-11T11:50:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-01-13T11:51:47+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dwp-balkan.org\\\/staging\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/94e01f70a9f8ac0de7af6559b5fc802d\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dwp-balkan.org\\\/staging\\\/sq\\\/vitet-1980-te-dhe-1990-te-maqedonase-oaz-i-paqes\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/dwp-balkan.org\\\/staging\\\/sq\\\/vitet-1980-te-dhe-1990-te-maqedonase-oaz-i-paqes\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dwp-balkan.org\\\/staging\\\/sq\\\/vitet-1980-te-dhe-1990-te-maqedonase-oaz-i-paqes\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dwp-balkan.org\\\/staging\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/12\\\/NT-photo-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dwp-balkan.org\\\/staging\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/12\\\/NT-photo-1.jpg\",\"width\":518,\"height\":552},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dwp-balkan.org\\\/staging\\\/sq\\\/vitet-1980-te-dhe-1990-te-maqedonase-oaz-i-paqes\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dwp-balkan.org\\\/staging\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Vitet 1980-t\u00eb dhe 1990-t\u00eb maqedonase: oaz i paqes?\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dwp-balkan.org\\\/staging\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dwp-balkan.org\\\/staging\\\/\",\"name\":\"DWP-BALKAN\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dwp-balkan.org\\\/staging\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dwp-balkan.org\\\/staging\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/94e01f70a9f8ac0de7af6559b5fc802d\",\"name\":\"DWPBALKAN\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/860e14507555fe53536d2bd5f0f8121391672605a7c1af4ce2d1ba6ca58de406?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/860e14507555fe53536d2bd5f0f8121391672605a7c1af4ce2d1ba6ca58de406?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/860e14507555fe53536d2bd5f0f8121391672605a7c1af4ce2d1ba6ca58de406?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"DWPBALKAN\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/dwp-balkan.org\\\/staging\\\/author\\\/dwpbalkan\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Vitet 1980-t\u00eb dhe 1990-t\u00eb maqedonase: oaz i paqes? - DWP-BALKAN","robots":{"index":"noindex","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Vitet 1980-t\u00eb dhe 1990-t\u00eb maqedonase: oaz i paqes? - DWP-BALKAN","og_description":"Shkolla p\u00ebr Hulumtime Sociale, Akademia e Shkencave t\u00eb Polonis\u00eb P\u00ebr t\u2019i kuptuar m\u00eb mir\u00eb zhvillimet n\u00eb Maqedoni n\u00eb prag t\u00eb, si dhe gjat\u00eb luft\u00ebrave jugosllave, s\u00eb pari lexuesi do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfitonte n\u00ebse do t\u00eb kishte nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb viteve 1980-t\u00eb maqedonase dhe, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb mjaft ahistorike, t\u00eb dekad\u00ebs pasuese: vitet 1990. Duke ia nisur nga kjo e fundit, […]","og_url":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/sq\/vitet-1980-te-dhe-1990-te-maqedonase-oaz-i-paqes\/","og_site_name":"DWP-BALKAN","article_published_time":"2021-05-11T11:50:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-01-13T11:51:47+00:00","og_image":[{"width":518,"height":552,"url":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/NT-photo-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"DWPBALKAN","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"DWPBALKAN","Est. reading time":"14 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/sq\/vitet-1980-te-dhe-1990-te-maqedonase-oaz-i-paqes\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/sq\/vitet-1980-te-dhe-1990-te-maqedonase-oaz-i-paqes\/"},"author":{"name":"DWPBALKAN","@id":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/#\/schema\/person\/94e01f70a9f8ac0de7af6559b5fc802d"},"headline":"Vitet 1980-t\u00eb dhe 1990-t\u00eb maqedonase: oaz i paqes?","datePublished":"2021-05-11T11:50:00+00:00","dateModified":"2022-01-13T11:51:47+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/sq\/vitet-1980-te-dhe-1990-te-maqedonase-oaz-i-paqes\/"},"wordCount":3368,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/sq\/vitet-1980-te-dhe-1990-te-maqedonase-oaz-i-paqes\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/NT-photo-1.jpg","articleSection":["Balkan.Perspectives #16 - ALB"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/sq\/vitet-1980-te-dhe-1990-te-maqedonase-oaz-i-paqes\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/sq\/vitet-1980-te-dhe-1990-te-maqedonase-oaz-i-paqes\/","url":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/sq\/vitet-1980-te-dhe-1990-te-maqedonase-oaz-i-paqes\/","name":"Vitet 1980-t\u00eb dhe 1990-t\u00eb maqedonase: oaz i paqes? - DWP-BALKAN","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/sq\/vitet-1980-te-dhe-1990-te-maqedonase-oaz-i-paqes\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/sq\/vitet-1980-te-dhe-1990-te-maqedonase-oaz-i-paqes\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/NT-photo-1.jpg","datePublished":"2021-05-11T11:50:00+00:00","dateModified":"2022-01-13T11:51:47+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/#\/schema\/person\/94e01f70a9f8ac0de7af6559b5fc802d"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/sq\/vitet-1980-te-dhe-1990-te-maqedonase-oaz-i-paqes\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/sq\/vitet-1980-te-dhe-1990-te-maqedonase-oaz-i-paqes\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/sq\/vitet-1980-te-dhe-1990-te-maqedonase-oaz-i-paqes\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/NT-photo-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/NT-photo-1.jpg","width":518,"height":552},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/sq\/vitet-1980-te-dhe-1990-te-maqedonase-oaz-i-paqes\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Vitet 1980-t\u00eb dhe 1990-t\u00eb maqedonase: oaz i paqes?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/#website","url":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/","name":"DWP-BALKAN","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/#\/schema\/person\/94e01f70a9f8ac0de7af6559b5fc802d","name":"DWPBALKAN","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/860e14507555fe53536d2bd5f0f8121391672605a7c1af4ce2d1ba6ca58de406?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/860e14507555fe53536d2bd5f0f8121391672605a7c1af4ce2d1ba6ca58de406?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/860e14507555fe53536d2bd5f0f8121391672605a7c1af4ce2d1ba6ca58de406?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"DWPBALKAN"},"url":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/author\/dwpbalkan\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3827","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3827"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3827\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3828,"href":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3827\/revisions\/3828"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2787"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3827"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3827"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3827"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}