{"id":4711,"date":"2021-09-27T09:52:00","date_gmt":"2021-09-27T09:52:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/?p=4711"},"modified":"2022-04-08T09:55:58","modified_gmt":"2022-04-08T09:55:58","slug":"multilingvalizam-na-kosovu-tmurna-zaostavstina-proslosti-u-jezickim-politikama","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/bs\/multilingvalizam-na-kosovu-tmurna-zaostavstina-proslosti-u-jezickim-politikama\/","title":{"rendered":"Multilingvalizam na Kosovu: Tmurna zaostav\u0161tina pro\u0161losti u jezi\u010dkim politikama"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Darko Dimitrijevi\u0107 poha\u0111a kurs albanskog jezika, ali ipak nagla\u0161ava da nije u stanju da te\u010dno komunicira. Ro\u0111en je u Gora\u017edevcu, selo sa srpskom ve\u0107inom u op\u0161tini Pe\u0107. Od rata 1998-99, ovo je jedno od malobrojnih srpskih sela u ovom delu Kosova.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tu se zaostav\u0161tina pro\u0161losti ne ose\u0107a samo u demografskom sastavu ve\u0107 i slu\u017ebenom kori\u0161\u0107enju oba jezika: albanskog i srpskog. Dimitrijevi\u0107 je novinar, ali za razliku od njega, mnogi iz njegove generacije ne govore jezik jedan drugog.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On ka\u017ee da je Zakon  o upotrebi jezika samo jedan u niza zakona koji se ne po\u0161tuju na Kosovu. \u201eOd javnih institucija dobijamo informacije i obave\u0161tenja samo na albanskom\u201c, iznosi Dimitrijevi\u0107. \u201ePovreda Zakona o upotrebi jezika dovodi do povrede drugih zakona i ljudskih prava\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u201eLingua franca\u201c [prim. prev. Zajedni\u010dki jezik]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krvavi raspad biv\u0161e Jugoslavije tokom poslednje decenije pro\u0161log veka i uloga politike prema albanskom jeziku je odigrala zna\u010dajnu ulogu u pokretanju me\u0111uetni\u010dkog sukoba. Sve do 1999. srpsko-hrvatski je bio prvi slu\u017ebeni jezik, postaju\u0107i na neki na\u010din \u201elingua franca\u201c, koji se je smatrao lingvisti\u010dkim mostom me\u0111u govornicima \u010diji su maternji jezici razli\u010diti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Godine jugoslovenskog re\u017eima i rat 1998-99 su preokrenule ovu stvarnost ostavljaju\u0107i za sobom zaostav\u0161tinu podela u oblikovanju kori\u0161\u0107enja multilingvalizma na Kosovu. Albanski i srpski su slu\u017ebeni jezici od 2001, dok su turski i ostali jezici u op\u0161tinama u kojima prevladava stanovni\u0161tvo iz drugih zajednica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jezi\u010dke podele na Balkanu su i dalje endemske i ve\u0107 dugo vremena simptom me\u0111uetni\u010dkih neprijateljstava, a povremeno i uzrok potpirivanja tih neprijateljstava.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lindita Rugova, predava\u010dica i dekanka Filolo\u0161kog fakulteta na Univerzitetu u Pri\u0161tini, ka\u017ee da je uticaj pro\u0161losti i dalje veoma velik i da \u0107e biti potrebno dugo vremena dok ne splasnu tenzije.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201ePro\u0161li smo kroz nekoliko sistema i za mnoge ljude koji su propatili tokom rata \u0107e biti te\u0161ko da nau\u010de jezik jedni-drugih. Me\u0111utim, ove linije podele polaku nestaju\u201c, ka\u017ee Rugova.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daniel Duncan, predava\u010d na Odeljenju za socio-lingvistiku na Univerzitetu u Nju kaslu u Velikoj Britaniji, koji je tako\u0111e studirao lingvisti\u010dku politiku i prirodu kori\u0161\u0107enja multilingvalizma i odnos izme\u0111u jezika i identiteta u biv\u0161oj Jugoslaviji, navodi da se u ovom prostoru pro\u0161lost u velikoj meri oslanja na multilingvalizam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eU \u0161iroj perspektivi, lingvisti\u010dka politika i upotreba slu\u017ebenih jezika su povezani sa socijalnom, kulturnom i politi\u010dkom kohezijom. Jezici na Kosovu tako\u0111e ozna\u010davaju te periode, ustanak i kretanje ka sukobu\u201c, ka\u017ee Duncan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eOve promene su se bavile time koja je grupa prevladavala na Kosovu u to vreme. Kada je Srbija konsolidovala svoju kontrolu nad Kosovom, krajem 1980-ih na primer, albanski je izba\u010den iz institucija\u201c, dodaje on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Status albanskog i srpskog i kako su se odnosili jedan prema drugom tokom godina se je promenio u velikoj meri. Rugova navodi da kada dve ili tri zajednice \u017eive unutar istog prostora, neophodno je da komuniciraju i poznaju jezik jedni-drugih.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201ePored su\u017eivota, kako mo\u017eete na odgovaraju\u0107i na\u010din da studirate balkanski jezik ako ne poznajete jezike koji vas okru\u017euju\u201c, dodaje ona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Socio-lingvisti\u010dki izazovi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jezik je jedan od alata koji se na Balkanu koristi kako bi se podelile grupe jer su etni\u010dka pripadnost i nacionalnost ve\u0107inom povezani sa jezicima.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sejdi Gashi, nau\u010dnik koji se bavi albanologijom, obja\u0161njava da \u0107e na Kosovu, gde je lingvisti\u010dka praksa decenijama bila takva da govornicima albanskog nije omogu\u0107avano pravo da slobodno koriste svoj maternji jezik i da je albanski imao ne-afirmativan status, biti potrebno vi\u0161e vremena da se ispravi \u0161teta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eTok stvaranja politi\u010dkog i kulturnog identiteta balkanskih naroda se karakterizuje sukobom oko projekata koji su imali za cilj izmi\u0161ljanje dr\u017eava, granica koje bi se poklopile sa stanovni\u0161tvom i homogenim nacionalnim identitetom\u201c, ka\u017ee on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arta Pllana, koordinatorka za komunikaciju u Kancelariji poverenika za jezike u Vladi Kosova ka\u017ee da se kori\u0161\u0107enje dva jezika na slu\u017ebenom nivou i dalje suo\u010dava sa izazovima. \u201eIstorijske i politi\u010dke okolnosti, rat i promene do kojih je do\u0161lo, sa mla\u0111im generacijama koje sve manje govore srpski, je rezultovalo krizom za prevodiocima\u201c, ka\u017ee Pllana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eMe\u0111utim, u meri koliko zakon dozvoljava, mi ula\u017eemo napore da umanjimo probleme i gurnemo napred po\u0161tovanje zakonskih obaveza\u201c, dodaje ona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Balkanistika je novi program koji \u0107e uskoro, po prvi put biti lansiran pod pokroviteljstvom Filolo\u0161kog fakulteta Univerziteta u Pri\u0161tini, a za koji se Kancelarija poverenika za jezike nada da \u0107e smanjiti jaz u pogledu profesionalnih prevodilaca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dekanka Rugova ka\u017ee da \u0107e se pored prevoda na ovom programu u\u010diti albanski i srpski i da \u0107e stvoriti nov most za komunikaciju me\u0111u zajednicama. U pogledu lingvisti\u010dke pedagogije, Rugova dodaje da se multilingvalizam zemlje mo\u017ee videti kao model multilingvalizma, ali ne i su\u017eivota u potpunosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Duncan politike promovisanja pozitivnih jezi\u010dkih prava i stavljanja naglaska na dva jezika smatra sredstvom za izbegavanje tenzija. \u201eOvim se smanjuje ose\u0107anje isklju\u010denja jedne etni\u010dke grupe i mere do koje se povezanost sa jednom grupom smatra va\u017enom za njen identitet\u201c, ka\u017ee on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve\u0107 vi\u0161e od tri decenije nije ulagano puno napora u prevazila\u017eenju hijerarhije izme\u0111u lingvisti\u010dkih grupa i stvaranja jednakijih odnosa, dok na Kosovu i dalje postoje dva paralelna obrazovna sistema koja hrane podele. \u201eUravnote\u017een bilingvalizam tako\u0111e \u0161alje poruku da zemlja kao \u0161to je Kosovo, koja je po zakonu multikulturalna, i u praksi stvarno te\u017ei da postane takva\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preveo Bruno Neziraj<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Darko Dimitrijevi\u0107 poha\u0111a kurs albanskog jezika, ali ipak nagla\u0161ava da nije u stanju da te\u010dno komunicira. Ro\u0111en je u Gora\u017edevcu, selo sa srpskom ve\u0107inom u op\u0161tini Pe\u0107. Od rata 1998-99, ovo je jedno od malobrojnih srpskih sela u ovom delu Kosova. Tu se zaostav\u0161tina pro\u0161losti ne ose\u0107a samo u demografskom sastavu ve\u0107 i slu\u017ebenom kori\u0161\u0107enju oba jezika: albanskog i srpskog. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4713,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":3,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4711","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-bhs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMultilingvalizam na Kosovu: Tmurna zaostav\u0161tina pro\u0161losti u jezi\u010dkim politikama - DWP-BALKAN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Multilingvalizam na Kosovu: Tmurna zaostav\u0161tina pro\u0161losti u jezi\u010dkim politikama - DWP-BALKAN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Darko Dimitrijevi\u0107 poha\u0111a kurs albanskog jezika, ali ipak nagla\u0161ava da nije u stanju da te\u010dno komunicira. 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Ro\u0111en je u Gora\u017edevcu, selo sa srpskom ve\u0107inom u op\u0161tini Pe\u0107. Od rata 1998-99, ovo je jedno od malobrojnih srpskih sela u ovom delu Kosova. Tu se zaostav\u0161tina pro\u0161losti ne ose\u0107a samo u demografskom sastavu ve\u0107 i slu\u017ebenom kori\u0161\u0107enju oba jezika: albanskog i srpskog. 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