{"id":666,"date":"2017-07-17T14:35:00","date_gmt":"2017-07-17T14:35:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/?p=666"},"modified":"2022-06-13T10:53:42","modified_gmt":"2022-06-13T10:53:42","slug":"monumentet-dhe-memorialet-ne-ish-jugosllavi-si-pengese-per-ballafaqimin-me-te-kaluaren","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dwp-balkan.org\/staging\/sq\/monumentet-dhe-memorialet-ne-ish-jugosllavi-si-pengese-per-ballafaqimin-me-te-kaluaren\/","title":{"rendered":"Monumentet dhe memorialet n\u00eb ish-Jugosllavi si penges\u00eb p\u00ebr ballafaqimin me t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Praktika e nd\u00ebrlidhur me monumentet n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb dhe vendet pas konfliktit \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e pandar\u00eb e analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb procesit t\u00eb \u201cballafaqimit me t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn”. Politika e memorializimit e b\u00ebn t\u00eb mundur, deri diku, t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet se deri n\u00eb \u00e7\u2019shkall\u00eb nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri e caktuar p\u00ebrballet me t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn e vet dhe ka vendosur se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb jet\u00eb pjes\u00eb e kujtes\u00ebs kolektive dhe publike dhe \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb jet\u00eb pjes\u00eb e kujtes\u00ebs s\u00eb margjinalizuar apo harres\u00ebs. Pothuajse gjithnj\u00eb, monumentet dhe memorialet jan\u00eb shprehje e interpretimit t\u00eb s\u00eb kaluar\u00ebs nga ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb pushtetin politik (elitat politike). S\u00eb fundmi, lejet p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtim l\u00ebshohen nga autortitetet lokale, rajonale dhe vendore. Analiza e praktikave t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhura me monumentet dhe memorialet e b\u00ebn v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb mundur t\u00eb arrijm\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim mjaft t\u00eb besuesh\u00ebm lidhur me m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si nj\u00eb vend apo shoq\u00ebri e trajton t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn e vet. Q\u00ebllimi im me k\u00ebt\u00eb tekst t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrohem tek vendet dhe shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb n\u00eb ish-Jugosllavi, tek praktikat e tyre t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhura me memoriale dhe monumente si dhe tek grupet e tjera q\u00eb i kritikojn\u00eb praktika t\u00eb tilla me an\u00eb t\u00eb aktiviteteve t\u00eb veta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Secili vend n\u00eb ish-Jugosllavi (apo rajonet e saj) kan\u00eb mbajtur nj\u00eb model shum\u00eb t\u00eb orientuar nga nacionalizmi, patriarkal dhe militant p\u00ebr praktikat e nd\u00ebrlidhura me memorialet dhe monumentet. Nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb e shkurt\u00ebr e k\u00ebtyre modeleve e b\u00ebn t\u00eb mundur q\u00eb edhe sot t\u00eb arrijm\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin se ideologjit\u00eb q\u00eb shkaktuan vet\u00eb luft\u00ebn po form\u00ebsojn\u00eb kultur\u00ebn e kujtes\u00ebs n\u00eb vendet dhe shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb e ish-Jugosllavis\u00eb dhe kjo nuk duhet t\u00eb na befasoj\u00eb, kur kemi parasysh faktin se q\u00eb nga vitet 1990 e deri m\u00eb sot, elitat politike pothuajse nuk kan\u00eb ndryshuar. Heronjt\u00eb e luft\u00ebrave, betejat, madje dhe kriminel\u00ebt e luft\u00ebs p\u00ebrkujtohen dhe memorializohen, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb akter\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb aktive n\u00eb ngjarjet q\u00eb jan\u00eb sjell\u00eb rreth luft\u00ebrave n\u00eb ish-Jugosllavi, margjinalizohen. Kjo s\u00eb pari ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me aktivitetet anti-luft\u00eb dhe l\u00ebvizjet anti-luft\u00eb q\u00eb mungojn\u00eb n\u00eb kujtes\u00ebn publike t\u00eb vendeve dhe shoq\u00ebrive t\u00eb ish-Jugosllavis\u00eb. Monumentet q\u00eb jan\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb luft\u00ebs n\u00eb vitet 1990 jan\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e pashmangshme e krijimit dhe fuqizimit t\u00eb identiteteve vendore t\u00eb vendeve dhe rajoneve kryesisht t\u00eb \u201cpastra\u201d etnikisht. Mir\u00ebpo krijimi dhe fuqizimi i identiteteve t\u00eb reja komb\u00ebtare po ndodh n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb me procesin e fshirjes nga kujtesa t\u00eb gjith\u00e7kaje q\u00eb ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me Jugosllavin\u00eb dhe luft\u00ebn antifashiste gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore (p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb dhe shkat\u00ebrrimin fizik t\u00eb monumenteve nga periudha e Jugosllavis\u00eb socialiste).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sot, monumentet dhe memorialet q\u00eb i sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb narrativ\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrhapur n\u00eb Kroaci lidhur me ”past\u00ebrtin\u00eb e Luft\u00ebs p\u00ebr Pavar\u00ebsi” mbizot\u00ebrojn\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht n\u00eb Kroaci; monumentet n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vend (me p\u00ebrjashtim t\u00eb dy apo tre p\u00ebrjashtimeve q\u00eb p\u00ebrkujtojn\u00eb viktimat serbe gjat\u00eb dhe pas operacionit ”Stuhia”) paraqesin ekskluzivisht narrativ\u00ebn e past\u00ebrtis\u00eb s\u00eb luft\u00ebs kroate p\u00ebr pavar\u00ebsi nga agresor\u00ebt serb\u00eb dhe aty p\u00ebrfshihen edhe elementet shtet\u00ebrore dhe fetare. Monumentet p\u00ebr viktimat e komb\u00ebsis\u00eb serbe jan\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtim nga rregulli. N\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, monumentet q\u00eb i kushtohen luft\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb Ushtris\u00eb \u00c7lirimtare t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs po \u201clul\u00ebzojn\u00eb\u201d, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb praktikat e nd\u00ebrlidhura me memorialet dhe monumentet n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb shp\u00ebrfillin t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht rezistenc\u00eb p\u00ebr paqe t\u00eb politik\u00ebs s\u00eb ndarjes dhe shtypjes s\u00eb popullsis\u00eb shqiptare n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb n\u00eb vitet 1990. Si rrjedhoj\u00eb e praktikave t\u00eb tilla, shum\u00eb t\u00eb rinj q\u00eb kan\u00eb qen\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb ose jan\u00eb lindur pas luft\u00ebs n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, nuk e kan\u00eb aspak iden\u00eb p\u00ebr ”sistemet paralele” t\u00eb arsimit apo sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb t\u00eb cilat u themeluan nga shqiptar\u00ebt e Kosov\u00ebs n\u00eb vitet 1990 n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb mbroheshin nga dhuna sistematike dhe strukturore q\u00eb ushtronte shteti serb i asaj kohe. N\u00eb Bosnje e Hercegovin\u00eb sigurisht q\u00eb varet se p\u00ebr cil\u00ebn \u201cpjes\u00eb etnike\u201d t\u00eb vendit po flitet \u2013 praktikat e nd\u00ebrlidhura me monumentet u p\u00ebrshtaten elitave politike t\u00eb tre popujve konstituues q\u00eb po tentojn\u00eb t\u00eb ruajn\u00eb narrativ\u00ebn e tyre p\u00ebr luft\u00ebn n\u00eb vend. Serbia, n\u00eb konfuzionin e vet lidhur me \u201cmosp\u00ebrfshirjen\u201d n\u00eb luft\u00ebra po fillon ngadal\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtoj\u00eb nj\u00eb narrativ\u00eb t\u00eb fuqishme t\u00eb viktimizimit lidhur me nd\u00ebrhyrjen e NATO-s n\u00eb vitin 1999, duke e paraqitur si nj\u00eb ”ekses” \u2013 si nj\u00eb ngjarje q\u00eb nuk kishte aspak t\u00eb b\u00ebnte me luft\u00ebn n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb. \u00c7do p\u00ebrpjekje tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr memorializim n\u00eb Serbi lidhur me luft\u00ebrat e tjera n\u00eb ish-Jugosllavi paraqet q\u00ebndrimin skizofren t\u00eb shtetit ndaj k\u00ebtyre luft\u00ebrave, ku vihet sidomos n\u00eb dukje pamund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb em\u00ebrtuar luft\u00ebn. Madje disa praktika t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhura me memorialet dhe monumentet tregojn\u00eb, n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7uditshme, shkall\u00ebn se deri ku jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuara nga ideologjia nacionaliste dhe interpretimi i nj\u00ebansh\u00ebm nga nj\u00eb komb apo grup etnik i caktuar. Shum\u00eb shembuj nga Republika Srpska provojn\u00eb se deri n\u00eb \u00e7\u2019shkall\u00eb elita politike e k\u00ebtij entiteti n\u00eb Bosnje e Hercegovin\u00eb refuzon t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb qytetar\u00ebt jo-serb\u00eb n\u00eb proceset e memorializimit. Nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr k\u00ebto shembuj \u00ebsht\u00eb ai i monumentit p\u00ebr ushtar\u00ebt e r\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb Ushtris\u00eb s\u00eb Republika Srpskas q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar n\u00eb terrenin e ish-kampit t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrimit t\u00eb T\u00ebrnopoljes pran\u00eb Prijedorit, ku jan\u00eb mbajtur mij\u00ebra viktima nga Prijedori dhe rrethinat, kryesisht boshnjak\u00eb dhe kroat\u00eb. Me p\u00ebrjashtim t\u00eb monumenteve p\u00ebr ushtar\u00ebt e Ushtris\u00eb s\u00eb Republika Srpskas, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb lokacion nuk ka absolutisht asgj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr q\u00eb do t\u00eb aludonte n\u00eb ekzistenc\u00ebn e nj\u00eb kampi p\u00ebrqendrimi, q\u00eb s\u00eb bashku me dy kampet e tjera t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrimit n\u00eb Prijedor \u2013 Omarska dhe Keraterm \u2013 ishin nj\u00eb nga arsyet kryesore p\u00ebr themelimin e Tribunalit p\u00ebr Krime Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare p\u00ebr Ish-Jugosllavin\u00eb n\u00eb Hag\u00eb. Po ashtu, vet\u00ebm disa qindra metra larg k\u00ebtij vendi ku dhjet\u00ebra civil\u00eb boshnjak\u00eb u dogj\u00ebn t\u00eb gjall\u00eb n\u00eb Vishegrad n\u00eb vitin 1992, ka monumente p\u00ebr shenjtor\u00eb dhe mbret\u00ebr serb\u00eb dhe shum\u00eb rrug\u00eb kan\u00eb marr\u00eb emrat e nj\u00ebsive t\u00eb ndryshme ushtarake t\u00eb Ushtris\u00eb s\u00eb Republika Srpskas. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb qytet nuk ka pothuajse asgj\u00eb q\u00eb t\u2019i b\u00ebj\u00eb t\u00eb mundur nj\u00eb vizitori t\u00eb shoh\u00eb mizorit\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb ndodhur atje vet\u00ebm 25 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Megjithat\u00eb, ka grupe dhe individ\u00eb, organizata t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb civile, q\u00eb me zjarr kund\u00ebrshtojn\u00eb praktika t\u00eb tilla t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhura me monumentet dhe memorialet dhe q\u00eb po e \u201cthyejn\u00eb heshtjen” me aktivizmin e tyre, duke ngritur tema tabu n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb dhe vendet e tyre dhe duke marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb n\u00eb procese t\u00eb prodhimit t\u00eb njohurive alternative lidhur me vitet 1990 \u2013 njohuri q\u00eb aktualisht jan\u00eb t\u00eb ndaluara, t\u00eb margjinalizuara dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtuara nga e folura dhe hap\u00ebsira publike. Mendoj se ky lloj i aktivizmit \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb nj\u00eb proces i nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb monumenteve, nj\u00eb lloj ky i monumenteve jo-fizike, nj\u00eb lloj i aktivizmit q\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb p\u00ebrmban t\u00eb gjitha karakteristikat e nj\u00eb monumenti dhe memoriali (me p\u00ebrjashtim t\u00eb objektit fizik si p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsim material i nj\u00eb ngjarjeje t\u00eb caktuar nga e kaluara), q\u00eb e b\u00ebn at\u00eb subjektiviz\u00ebm politik t\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebve po zhvillohet ky aktiviz\u00ebm dhe q\u00eb ”nxjerr n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe\u2019’ at\u00eb q\u00eb narrativat mbizot\u00ebruese vazhdimisht p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb shtypin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do t\u00eb doja t\u00eb jap disa shembuj t\u00eb k\u00ebtij lloj aktivizmi. \u00c7do 10 korrik, ”Grat\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb Zeza” p\u00ebrkujtojn\u00eb gjenocidin n\u00eb Srebrenic\u00eb bashk\u00eb me aktivist\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb; \u00e7do 31 maj, organizata dhe individ\u00eb t\u00eb shumt\u00eb marrin pjes\u00eb n\u00eb \u201cDit\u00ebn e Shiritit t\u00eb Bardh\u00eb\u201d n\u00eb Prijedor, q\u00eb p\u00ebrkujton fillimin e spastrimit etnik t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb jo-serbe t\u00eb k\u00ebtij qyteti; p\u00ebrkujtimi n\u00eb minier\u00ebn e Omarskas, vendi ku gjendet kampi m\u00eb fam\u00ebkeq i p\u00ebrqendrimit n\u00eb luft\u00ebn e fundit, ku u vran\u00eb qindra njer\u00ebz, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb ky lokacion as nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i shenjuar. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb vet\u00ebm disa nga shembujt e aktivizmit me t\u00eb cilat b\u00ebhen p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb luftuar praktikat e nd\u00ebrlidhura me monumentet dhe memorialet t\u00eb p\u00ebrkufizuara mbi baza t\u00eb nacionalizmit dhe vijave etnike n\u00eb ish-Jugosllavi. Ky lloj i aktivizmit funksionon si memorial dhe si ”skulptur\u00eb sociale \u2013 monument”. Gjat\u00eb k\u00ebtyre p\u00ebrkujtimeve, p\u00ebr pak or\u00eb, Sheshi i Republik\u00ebs n\u00eb Beograd apo miniera n\u00eb Omarska shnd\u00ebrrohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb monument p\u00ebr viktimat e gjenocidit n\u00eb Srebrenic\u00eb apo viktimat e kampit t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrimit pran\u00eb Prijedorit. Ky aktiviz\u00ebm p\u00ebrkujtimor ka vler\u00eb t\u00eb pa\u00e7muar n\u00eb kontekst t\u00eb praktikave t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhura me memoriale dhe monumente q\u00eb u p\u00ebrmend\u00ebn dhe q\u00eb fokusohen vet\u00ebm tek \u201cviktimat e veta”. Prandaj \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme q\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb qytetar\u00ebt e shoq\u00ebrive pas-jugosllave t\u2019i kushtohen paqes, solidaritetit dhe parimeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsis\u00eb politike p\u00ebr t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur k\u00ebt\u00eb lloj t\u00eb aktivizmit; ato sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb si alternativ\u00eb e praktik\u00ebs s\u00eb etnicizimit t\u00eb kujtes\u00ebs kolektive, po infiltrojn\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn publike duke prodhuar njohuri q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e margjinalizuar dhe kryejn\u00eb funksionin q\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb duhet ta ken\u00eb monumentet dhe memorialet n\u00eb ish-Jugosllavi \u2013 t\u2019i sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb q\u00ebllimit t\u00eb pajtimit, solidaritetit dhe krijimit t\u00eb komuniteteve q\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrcaktohen nga etnia. Pajtimi i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb n\u00eb vendet e ish-Jugosllavis\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb arrihet p\u00ebrmes politikave aktuale p\u00ebr monumente \u2013 mir\u00ebpo derisa t\u00eb b\u00ebhet e mundur q\u00eb t\u00eb shenjohen fizikisht t\u00eb gjitha vendet e vuajtjeve dhe krimeve t\u00eb luft\u00ebs, aktivizmi p\u00ebrkujtimor q\u00eb lufton narrativat mbizot\u00ebruese rreth luft\u00ebrave t\u00eb viteve 1990 duhet t\u00eb kuptohet si proces i nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb monumenteve dhe memorialeve, ”materializimi fizik” i t\u00eb cil\u00ebve duhet t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb n\u00eb rast se synojm\u00eb pajtimin e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb dhe ”ballafaqimin me t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Autor i blogut \u00ebsht\u00eb
Srgjan Hercigonja
shkenc\u00ebtar politik nga Beogradi dhe pjes\u00ebtar i grupit punues ”Kat\u00ebr fytyrat e Omarskas”<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Praktika e nd\u00ebrlidhur me monumentet n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb dhe vendet pas konfliktit \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e pandar\u00eb e analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb procesit t\u00eb \u201cballafaqimit me t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn”. Politika e memorializimit e b\u00ebn t\u00eb mundur, deri diku, t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet se deri n\u00eb \u00e7\u2019shkall\u00eb nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri e caktuar p\u00ebrballet me t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn e vet dhe ka vendosur se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb jet\u00eb pjes\u00eb e kujtes\u00ebs […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5172,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"publish","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":5,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-666","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-al"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMonumentet dhe memorialet n\u00eb ish-Jugosllavi si penges\u00eb p\u00ebr ballafaqimin me t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn - DWP-BALKAN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Monumentet dhe memorialet n\u00eb ish-Jugosllavi si penges\u00eb p\u00ebr ballafaqimin me t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn - DWP-BALKAN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Praktika e nd\u00ebrlidhur me monumentet n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb dhe vendet pas konfliktit \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e pandar\u00eb e analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb procesit t\u00eb \u201cballafaqimit me t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn”. 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